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تاثیر کشت گیاهان پوششی مختلف در باغ های گلابی در تنظیم جمعیت پسیل گلابی، Cacopsylla pyricola | ||
تحقیقات آفات گیاهی | ||
دوره 13، شماره 3، آذر 1402، صفحه 1-15 اصل مقاله (1.28 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/iprj.2023.25626.1535 | ||
نویسنده | ||
سید علی اصغر فتحی* | ||
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
کشت گیاهان پوششی یکی از روشهای رایج در مدیریت زیستگاه برای افزایش تنوع بندپایان مفید است. در پژوهش حاضر تأثیر کشت گیاهان پوششی بین ردیفهای درختان گلابی، Pyrus communis L.، در تراکم جمعیت و میزان خسارت پسیل گلابی، Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster)، و دشمنان طبیعی آن روی درختان گلابی طی دو سال متوالی 1401 و 1402 بررسی شد. گیاهان پوششی مورد آزمایشی شامل (1) شبدر قرمز، Trifolium pratense L.، (2) رزماری، Rosmarinus officinalis L. ، (3) کلزا، Brassica napus L.، (4) کشت مخلوط شبدر-رزماری-کلزا و (5) شاهد فاقد گیاهان پوششی بودند. نتایج نشان دادند که کمترین تراکم تخمها، پورهها و حشرات کامل پسیل گلابی و نیز درصد برگها و میوههای دارای علایم خسارت پسیل به ازای یک شاخه 30 سانتیمتری در کرتهای حاوی کشت مخلوط شبدر-رزماری-کلزا مشاهده شد. همچنین، بیشترین فراوانی کل شکارگرها در کرتهای حاوی کشت مخلوط شبدر-رزماری-کلزا ثبت شد. در بین شکارگرهای جمعآوری شده گونههای Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius)، Orius niger (Wolff)، Hippodamia variegata (Goeze)، Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) و Episyrphus balteatus De Geer بهترتیب فراوانی بیشتری داشتند. بیشترین مقدار شاخص تنوع شانون (22/2H΄ = در سال 1401 و 20/2 در سال 1402) و شاخص یکنواختی پیلو (96/0 J' = در هر دو سال مورد آزمایش) برای ترکیب گونههای شکارگر پسیل گلابی در کرتهای حاوی کشت مخلوط شبدر-رزماری-کلزا محاسبه شد. بنابراین، میتوان نتیجهگیری کرد که کشت مخلوط شبدر-رزماری-کلزا بین درختان گلابی موجب افزایش تنوع و فراوانی شکارگرها و کاهش جمعیت پسیل گلابی میشود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پسیل؛ تنوع زیستی؛ حفاظت؛ دشمنان طبیعی؛ کشاورزی پایدار | ||
مراجع | ||
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