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نقش عناصرغذایی و پارازیتوئید در برهمکنش بین شته جالیز و زنبور پارازیتوئید Aphidius matricariae | ||
تحقیقات آفات گیاهی | ||
مقاله 4، دوره 12، شماره 1، خرداد 1401، صفحه 27-41 اصل مقاله (767.81 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/iprj.2022.5606 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سمیه فیروزی میاردان1؛ جواد کریمزاده اصفهانی* 2؛ احد صحراگرد3 | ||
1گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس دانشگاهی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
2بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران | ||
3گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
برای فهم بهتر راهبردهای پایدار مدیریت شته جالیز (Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)) ضروری است که نقش نیروهای رو به بالا و رو به پایین بر پویایی جمعیت آن تعیین شود. در مطالعه حاضر، اثرات کوددهی (نیروهای رو به بالا) و پارازیتوئید (نیروهای رو به پایین) روی نوسانات جمعیت شته جالیز و پارازیتوئید آن (Aphidius matricariae Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)) بررسی شد. یک آزمایش فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور کوددهی (0، 5/0 و 1 گرم از یک کود کامل در بوته در هر نوبت کوددهی) و رهاسازی اولیه پارازیتوئید (0، 2 و 10 عدد ماده یکروزه و جفتگیریکرده A. matricariae در هر قفس) انجام شد. آزمایش با یک گیاه خیار 5 هفتهای و 10 حشره بالغ شته شروع و پس از یک نسل شته، مادههای یکروزه جفتگیریکرده زنبور به قفسها معرفی شد. تیمارها چهار بار در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی تکرار و در محیط ثابت استاندارد نگهداری شدند. تعداد شته و زنبور بالغ زنده بهطور هفتگی تا اتمام دو نسل کامل پارازیتوئید ثبت شد. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش سطح کوددهی، موجب افزایش تراکم جمعیت شته جالیز و درصد پارازیتیسم آن شد، ولی تاثیری روی اندازه جمعیت پارازیتوئید نداشت. همچنین، رهاسازی پارازیتوئید منجر به افزایش تراکم پارازیتوئید و درصد پارازیتیسم شد، ولی باعث کاهش اندازه جمعیت شته جالیز شد. برهمکنش دو فاکتور تنها روی جمعیت شته جالیز تاثیر داشت. این یافتهها نشان میدهد که نیروهای رو به بالا و رو به پایین نقش مهمی در تنظیم جمعیت شته جالیز ایفا میکنند که باید در مدیریت این آفت لحاظ شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تغییرات جمعیت؛ مدیریت پایدار آفات؛ نیروهای رو به بالا؛ نیروهای رو به پایین | ||
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