پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 31 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 708 |
| تعداد مقالات | 6,652 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 9,197,234 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,308,959 |
Effects of chemical herbicides and Datura leaves extract on the companion weed of two barley cultivars Hordeum vulgare L., the yield and its components | ||
| Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
| دوره 20، شماره 2، تیر 2022، صفحه 351-357 اصل مقاله (785.86 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cjes.2022.5567 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Rafid Ahmed Abbas Al-khaldy1؛ Watheq Falhi Hammood2؛ Suhad Mathkoor A. Safi* 2 | ||
| 1College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq | ||
| 2College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq | ||
| چکیده | ||
| A field experiment was carried out to find out the effect of some chemical herbicides (Crash and U46), and Datura leaves extract (4 leaf age) on the companion weed of two barley cultivars (IPA 265 and IPA 99) and the yield and components of these two cultivars. The results showed the superiority of the two weed spraying (T1) and the extract (T2) treatments by giving the best results, as they recorded the lowest number of weeds after 30 days of spraying with 2.83 and 10.17 plants m-2. Besides, the highest control percentage was 96.11% and 86.27% for the two treatments, respectively, compared to the control treatment (T3; weedy), which gave the highest number of weeds after spraying 73.50 plants m-2, while the lowest control percentage of 0.00%. Moreover, T1 was superior by giving the best grain yield of 1.99 ton ha-1 and the highest weight of 1000 grains (48.88 g) as well as the highest number of grains per spike (43.57 grain spike-1). T1 exhibited a significant difference with T2, which recorded a lower yield of 1.34 ton ha-1 and weight of 1000 grains (46.78 g), as well as the number of grains (33.17 grain spike-1) and a number of spikes (313.3 spike per m2). In comparison, the control treatment (T3) recorded the lowest grain yield and the lowest weight of 1000 grains along with the lowest grain per spike, and the lowest number of spikes (1.00 ton ha-1) as well as 36.72 g, 25.60 grain spike-1 and 269.7 spikes m-2, respectively. The two cultivars called IPA 99 and IPA 265, recorded a control percentage of 64.07% and 57.52%, respectively. There was a significant interaction in specific traits understudy for the two factors of the study, so that, T1 and T2 were superior with cultivars IPA 265 and IPA 99 by giving the best interaction in reducing the number of weeds after 30 days of spraying plant m-2, coupled with the control percentage. Since, the cultivar IPA 99 and T1 achieved the lowest number of weeds, i.e., 2.33 plant m-2 and the best control percentage reached 96.79%. However, the cultivar IPA 265 and T1 achieved the best grain yield of 2.113 ton ha-1. It can be concluded from this that spraying barley weeds with Datura leaves extract eliminated the weed, gave good control percentages, and increased the yield of barley grains and their components, with results close to what was achieved by the addition of the two herbicides. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Chemical herbicides؛ Datura leaves؛ Companion Weed؛ Hordeum vulgare L | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Wei, B, Su, G, Li, Y & Ma, Y 2019, Livelihood Strategies of Rural Households in Ning’er Earthquake-Stricken Areas, Yunnan Province, China. Sustainability, 11: 1–18.
WWF 2016, Building Back Safer and Greener: A Guide to Sound Environmental Practices for Disaster Recovery in Nepal. WWF, Nepal. ABARES Australian Crop Production 2019, ABARE Australian Crop Report, September 2018. Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics Sciences, 187: 17. Available online: http://www.agriculture.gov.au /abares /research topics/agricultural-commodities/ Australian-crop-report (accessed on 4 October 2019).
AOAC 1975, Official methods of analysis, association of official analytical chemists. Washington DC, USA, 41: 42-48.
Al Chalabi, FT 2003, Biological response of wheat to weeds control with Diclofop- methyl herbicide sequentially with 2,4-D and its effect on grain yield. Journal of Iraqi Agricultural Science, 34:89-100.
Al Younes, AHA 1993, Production and improvement of field crops (part one). Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, College of the Agriculture, University of Baghdad.
Anonymous 2019, Alberta barley. Accession Date: 21 August 2019. Available from: https://www.albertbarley.com/our- priorities/barely/production/weeds/. Bulletin, 29: 1206-1213.
Cheng, F & Cheng, Z 2015, Research progress on the use of plant allelopathy in agriculture and the physiological and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6: 1020.
Ciba-Geigy Agrochemicals Division 1975, Field Trial Manual. Ciba-Geigy, SA, Basle, Switzerland.
Directorate General Agricultural Statistics, 2020, Wheat and barley production. Central Statistical Organization, Ministry of Planning, Republic of Iraq.
Eddine, LS & Ridha, OM 2017, Phytochemical screening in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Rumex vesicarius l. extract. Scientific Study and Research: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 18:367-376.
Einhellig, FA & Rasmussen, JA 1979, Effects of three phenolic acids on chlorophyll content and growth of soybean and grain sorghum seedlings. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 5:815-824.
Hammood, WF, Al khafaji, MJ & Safi, SMA 2020, The effect of some herbicides on the companion weeds to three cultivars of oats. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 16: 1527-1532.
Harper, JR & Balke, NE 1984, Characterization of the inhibition of k+ absorption in oat roots by salicylic acid. Plant Physiology, 68:1349-1353.
Jaber, A, Al Harakeh, L, Ibrahim, G & Cheble, E 2019, Phytochemical study and antioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of Lebanese Datura metel L. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 6: 65-71.
Jaddoa, KA, Saleh, HM 2012, Fertilization of wheat crop. Indicative Bulletin No. 2, Ministry Of Agriculture, National Program for the Development of Wheat Cultivation in Iraq, 11 p.
Kaur, A, Kumar, S, Singh, N & Kaur, M 2018, Effect of different herbicides on weeds and growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L) in central Punjab. Agriways, 6: 37- 40.
Kruse, M, Strandberg, M & Strandberg, B 2000, Ecological effects of allelopathic plant: A review. 66 p. National Environmental Research Institute (NERI), Technical Report No. 315, Silkeborg, Available online at: http//www2.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_publikationer/3…/rapporter/fr315.pdf.
Mahajan, G, Hickey, L & Chauhan, BS 2020, Response of barley genotypes to weed interference in Australia. Agronomy, 10: 99.
Marwat, KB, Hussain, Z, Saeed, M, Gul, B & Noor, S 2005, Chemical weed management in wheat at higher altitudes. Pakistan Journal of Research in Weed Science, 11: 102-107.
O’Donovan, JT, Remy, EADS, o’sullivan, PA, Dew, DA, Sharma, AK 1985, Influence of the relative time of emergence of wild oat (Avena fatua) on yield loss of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Journal of Research in Weed Science, 33: 498-503.
Pala, F 2020, The effect of post-emergence herbicides and their mixtures on grass and broad-leaf weed control in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 29: 1206-1213
Rizvi, SJH, Haque, H, Singh, VK & Rizvi, V 1992, A discipline called allelopathy. In: allelopathy basic and applied aspects. Chapman &Hall, London, pp: 1-10.
Steel, RGD & Torrie, JH 1980, Principles of Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company Incorporated New York, USA, 485 p.
Suresha, K, Ashish RSS, Negi, SC & Kumar, S 2015, Assessment of yield and nutrient losses due to weeds in maize-based cropping systems. Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, 41: 42-48.
Ullrich, SE 2011, Barley: production, improvement, and uses. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, IA, USA, 637 p.
Watson, PR, Dirksen, DA, Van Acker, RC 2006, The ability of 29 barley cultivars to compete and withstand competition. Weed Science, 54: 783-792.
Weston, IA 2005, History and future perspectives of allelopathy for weed management. Horticultural Technology, 15:529- 534. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 538 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 671 |
||