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بررسی ترکیبات و اثرات ضدقارچی اسانسهای تودههای بذری بومی زیره سبز روی قارچهای بذرزاد | ||
علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران | ||
مقاله 2، دوره 8، شماره 4، دی 1400، صفحه 345-325 اصل مقاله (1.44 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/jms.2021.5283 | ||
نویسنده | ||
نیما خالدی* | ||
موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
بذر یکی از مهمترین نهادههای تولیدات کشاورزی است که کیفیت و سلامت آن میتواند تحت تاثیر قارچهای بذرزاد قرار بگیرد. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی قارچهای بذرزاد و تاثیر آنها روی شاخصهای جوانهزنی و بنیه تودههای بذری بومی زیره سبز و همچنین ارزیابی اثرات اسانسها و ترکیبات تشکیلدهنده اسانسهای این تودههای بذری روی قارچهای بذرزاد جداسازی شده میباشد. بهمنظور شناسایی قارچهای بذرزاد تودههای بذری زیره سبز از بذور تولیدی مزارع مشهد، فریمان، کاشمر و قوچان در استان خراسان رضوی بر اساس ضوابط انجمن بینالمللی آزمون بذر نمونهبرداری شد. جدایههای قارچی پس از جداسازی و خالصسازی، بر اساس ویژگیهای ریختشناختی و مولکولی شناسایی شدند. همچنین پتانسیل بیماریزایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایهها روی گیاهچه بررسی شد. در مجموع 12 جدایه بر اساس ویژگیهای ریختشناسی و مولکولی که متعلق به گونههای Fusarium oxysporum و F. solani شناسایی شدند. نتایج آزمون جوانهزنی استاندارد نشان داد که در میان تودههای بذری مورد بررسی اختلاف معنیداری در شاخصهای جوانهزنی و بنیه وجود دارد. آلودگی بذر به قارچهای بذرزاد بهطور قابلتوجهی روی شاخصهای بنیه و جوانهزنی بذر تأثیر گذاشته و موجب کاهش کیفیت و سلامت بذور میشوند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین شاخصهای بنیه و جوانهزنی در توده بذری فریمان و پس از آن بهترتیب در تودههای بذری کاشمر، قوچان و مشهد مشاهده شد. نتایج آزمون بیماریزایی نشان داد که حدود 7/41 درصد جدایهها بیماریزا و 3/58 درصد جدایههای بیماریزا نبودند. همچنین میزان بیماریزایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایههای مختلف گونههای Fusarium متفاوت بود. در ادامه این پژوهش ضمن اسانسگیری بهروش تقطیر با آب بهکمک دستگاه کلونجر، ترکیبات تشکیلدهنده این اسانسها با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی - طیف سنجی جرمی شناسایی شدند. ترکیبات اصلی شناساییشده اسانس شامل بتا-پینن، ﭘﯽ-ﺳﯿﻤﻦ، گاما-ترپینن، ﺗﺮﭘﻴﻨﻦ-4-ال و کومینآلدهید بودند. نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات آلفا-پینن، سابینن، بتا-پینن، میرسن، ﮔﺎما-ترپینن، بتا-فارنسن و کاروتول دارای اثرات ضد قارچی علیه جدایههای F. oxysporum بودند. اثرات همافزایی ترکیبات اصلی بازدارنده اسانسها نشان داد که ترکیب ﺗﺮﭘﻴﻨﻦ-4-ال با بتا-پینن موجب فعالیت سینرژیستی و ترکیب ﺗﺮﭘﻴﻨﻦ-4-ال با ﮔﺎما-ترپینن و همچنین ترکیب بتا-پینن و ﮔﺎما-ترپینن موجب فعالیت افزایشی علیه جدایههایF. oxysporum شدند. این اولین گزارش در مورد تاثیر ترکیبات اسانسهای تودههای بذری بومی زیره سبز روی قارچهای بذرزاد جداسازی از همان بذور میباشد. یافتههای این پژوهش نشان داد که مقدار و حتی نوع ترکیبات تشکیلدهنده اسانسهای تودههای بذری زیره سبز متفاوت است و میتواند روی فراوانی قارچهای بذرزاد و میزان بیماریزایی آنها تاثیر بگذارد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
اثرات همافزایی؛ ﺗﺮﭘﻴﻨﻦ-4-ال؛ بیماریزایی؛ بذرزاد؛ زیره سبز؛ فوزاریوم | ||
مراجع | ||
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