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آشنایی با ناقل های سیسژنیک و اینتراژنیک و کاربرد آن ها در بهنژادی غلات (مقاله مروری) | ||
تحقیقات غلات | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 8، شماره 4، اسفند 1397، صفحه 495-515 اصل مقاله (428.65 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/c.2019.11925.1443 | ||
نویسنده | ||
محمد مهدی سوهانی* | ||
دانشیار،گروه بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
امروزه پیشرفتهای زیادی در به نژادی گیاهان زراعی با استفاده از ابزار مهندسی ژنتیک به دست آمده بهطوریکه سطح زیرکشت گیاهان تغییریافته ژنتیکی (Genetically modified=GM) در 20 سال گذشته در نقاط مختلف دنیا افزایش قابل توجهای یافته است.با وجود مزایای زراعی و اقتصادی و تاثیرات مفید غیرقابل انکار آنها بر محیط و سلامتی انسان، شک و تردید جامعه و مصرف کنندگان نسبت به گیاهان GMسبب شده است تا اجرا، بهرهبرداری و تجاری سازی آنها و به عبارتی کاربرد تکنیکهایمولکولی در بسیاری از گیاهان زراعی متوقف شود.این امر عمدتاً بهسبب ورود ژنهای نشانگر انتخابی با منشا باکتریایی به ژنوم گیاه میزبان و نیز مرتبط با آثار سوء احتمالی انتقال عناصر ژنتیکی بین گیاهانی است که در طبیعت معمولاً غیرقابل تلاقی هستند. اولین مرحله در اجرای این هدف، طراحی یک ناقلDNA ویژه برای هر گیاه زراعی است به گونهای که منطقه T-DNA آن فقط از عناصر ژنتیکی همان گیاه و یا خویشاوندان نزدیک ژنتیکی آن بهدست آمده باشد که در این صورت میتواند پذیرش مصرفکنندگان را بههمراه داشته باشد. از مهمترین عناصر، پروموتر، ترمیناتور، مرزهای تکراری چپ و راست T-DNA و غیره است که باید با انواع گیاهی جایگزین شود. در اغلب موارد استفاده از ژنهاینشانگر که منشا باکتریایی دارند باید اجتناب شود یاپس از تولید و ایزوله کردن گیاه تراریخت، از گیاه هدف به روشهای مختلف حذف شوند. در این مقاله،مفهوم رهیافتهای سیسژنیک یا اینتراژنیکبرای بهنژادی گیاهان و نکات علمی و فنی برای طراحی وکتورهای گیاهی به طور خلاصه بررسی و ارایه شده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
انتقال ژن؛ بدنه ناقل؛ حذف نشانگر انتخابی؛ گیاهان تغییریافته ژنتیکی | ||
مراجع | ||
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