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برآورد هتروزیس تحمل به سرما در مرحله گیاهچه ای ذرت با استفاده از برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک | ||
تحقیقات غلات | ||
مقاله 5، دوره 8، شماره 4، اسفند 1397، صفحه 471-482 اصل مقاله (197.25 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/c.2019.11916.1445 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
زهرا عرفانی مقدم1؛ رضا فتوت* 2؛ احسان محسنی فرد3؛ ویکتور رودریگز4 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری،گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
3استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
4استاد، عضو گروه ژنتیکشورای تحقیقات بینالمللی اسپانیا (CSIC)، مادرید، اسپانیا | ||
چکیده | ||
حساسیت ذرت به تنش سرما طی مراحل اولیه رشد اتوتروفیک، محدودیت مهمی جهت کاشت آن در مناطق سرد به شمار میرود. بهمنظور شناسایی اساس فیزیولوژیک هتروزیس تحمل به سرما در گیاهچه ذرت، تغییرات برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیک در لاینها و هیبریدهای متحمل و حساس به سرما در مرحله گیاهچهای در دانشگاه زنجان در سال 1396 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر تیمار سرما بر صفات فلورسانس کلروفیل، محتوای رطوبت نسبی، نشت الکترولیت، محتوای کلروفیل a، محتوای کلروفیل b، کاروتنوئیدها، حجم ریشه، سطح ریشه و وزن خشک ریشه معنیدار بود. هتروزیس نسبت به والد برتر در محتوای کلروفیل b، سطح ریشه، حجم ریشه و نشت الکترولیت در بیشتر هیبریدها مشاهده شد. کارایی هیبرید MO17×EP80 از نظر صفات فیزیولوژیک تحت شرایط تنش نسبت به بقیه هیبریدها بهتر بود. هیبریدهای EP42×MO17 و A661×MO17 نیز رشد و گستردگی ریشه بهتری تحت شرایط تنش سرما داشتند. همبستگی معنیدار بین مقادیر هتروزیس فقط در برخی صفات که دارای اساس ژنتیکی، فیزیولوژیک و یا نموی مشترک بودند، مانند وزن خشک ریشه و محتوی آب نسبی و یا محتوای کلروفیل b و نشت الکترولیت مشاهده شد، اما همبستگی بین مقادیر هتروزیس در سایر صفات بهطور کلی ضعیف بود که نشان میدهد اساس ژنتیکی هتروزیس وابسته به صفت است و احتمالاً توسط یک مکانیسم واحد کنترل نمیشود. وجود اختلافات معنیدار بین ژنوتیپها در همه صفات، امکان جدیدی برای بهبود تحمل به تنش سرما در یک گیاه گرمسیری با استفاده از اصلاح نباتات فراهم میکند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
راندمان کوانتومی فتوسیستم II (Fv/Fm)؛ ریشه؛ محتوای کلروفیل؛ نشت الکترولیت | ||
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