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تأثیر کاشت گیاهان گلدار در باغهای انار بر میزان پارازیتیسم تخم کرم گلوگاه انار Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) توسط زنبور Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko | ||
تحقیقات آفات گیاهی | ||
مقاله 6، دوره 9، شماره 1، خرداد 1398، صفحه 51-61 اصل مقاله (613.64 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/iprj.1970.3431 | ||
نویسنده | ||
محمدسعید امامی* | ||
بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
گیاهان گلدار با تأمین شهد باعث جلب و نگهداری دشمنان طبیعی و افزایش طول عمر و باروری آنها میشوند. در این پژوهش تأثیر کاشت پنج گیاه گلدار شامل بومادران البرزی (Achillea millefolium subsp. elbursensis)، آویشن (Thymus daenensis)، پونه (Mentha pulegium)، بابونه (Matricaria chamomilla) و رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare) در باغهای انار همراه رهاسازی زنبور تریکوگراما، روی میزان پارازیتیسم تخم کرم گلوگاه انار و درصد خسارت انار بررسی شد. همچنین جلب کننده ترین این گیاهان برای زنبور پارازیتویید Trichogramma brassicae تعیین شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 8 تیمار و 4 تکرار در دو سال متوالی (1390-1388) در اصفهان انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین تیمارها از نظر درصد پارازیتیسم تخم کرم گلوگاه انار، درصد خسارت انار و میزان جلب زنبورها به گیاهان تفاوت معنیداری وجود داشت. مقایسه میانگینها مشخص کرد تیمار رازیانه دارای بیشترین (72/6%) و تیمار شاهد منفی (بدون پوشش گیاهی و بدون رهاسازی شفیرههای کرم گلوگاه انار) دارای کمترین (12/2%) درصد پارازیتیسم تخم کرم گلوگاه انار بود. همچنین تیمار شاهد مثبت (بدون پوشش گیاهی همراه با رهاسازی شفیرههای کرم گلوگاه انار) دارای بیشترین (11/33%) و تیمار رازیانه دارای کمترین (92/24%) درصد خسارت انار بود. در بین گیاهان گلدار، گیاه رازیانه با بیشترین درصد پارازیتیسم تخم بید غلات (19/11%) جلب کنندهترین گیاه برای زنبورهای تریکوگراما بود. به منظور تقویت عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک پیشنهاد میشود کاشت گیاهان گلدار در برنامه مدیریت تلفیقی آفت کرم گلوگاه انار در نظر گرفته شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
رازیانه؛ زنبور تریکوگراما؛ کنترل بیولوژیک | ||
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