تعداد نشریات | 31 |
تعداد شمارهها | 743 |
تعداد مقالات | 7,077 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 10,166,305 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,862,478 |
Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of selected heavy metals in surface soils of Semnan industrial complex and surrounding areas | ||
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 17، شماره 2، مرداد و شهریور 2019، صفحه 163-174 اصل مقاله (927.34 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Mahdiyeh Nikravesh1؛ Alireza Karimi* 1؛ Isa Esfandiarpour Borujeni2؛ Amir Fotovat1 | ||
1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
2Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran | ||
چکیده | ||
Thirty years activities in Semnan industrial complex (SIC) have arisen concerns on accumulation of heavy metals in surface soil. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentration and spatial distribution of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Cr in surface soils of SIC and surrounding areas and to identify origin of these heavy metals. Study area was divided into seven geomorphic units according to landforms and parent materials diversity. Ninety-three composite surface (0-10 cm) soil samples were collected in an area of 117 km2. Concentrations of heavy metals were measured in aqua-regia extracts, using atomic absorption spectrometry. Average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni and Cr were 49.2, 84.4, 1.6, 22, 20.1 and 9.7 mg kg-1 with ranges of 11.6-511.2, 34.1-247.9, 0.7-2.8, 16.9-42.0, 9.2-27.9 and 3.5-22.3 mg kg-1, respectively. The maximum concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu were found in the SIC. The spatial distribution of these heavy metals indicated gradual increase in concentrations along the prevailing wind direction. Concentrations of Ni and Cr did not show any specific spatial distribution pattern in relation to activities in SIC and other geomorphic units. According to the principal components analysis results, PC1 with the highest loadings for Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu was recognized as anthropogenic components, whereas the PC2 including Ni and Cr was lithogenic components. The cluster analysis also showed similar grouping. The results indicated considerable increasing in the Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations in the soil, during nearly short period of industrialization. It should be consider to make necessary decision to prevent more pollution. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Industrial complex؛ Soil pollution؛ Anthropogenic pollution؛ Principal Components Analysis | ||
مراجع | ||
Alizadeh Ketek Lahijani, H, Naderi Beni, A & Tavakoli V 2018, Heavy metals in coastal sediments of South Caspian Sea: natural or anthropogenic source? Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 16: 47-63.
Aghanabati, A & Hamedi, AR 1995, 1:250,000 geological quadrangle map of Semnan. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran Naghsheh, Iran.
Allison, LE 1960, Wet combustion apparatus and procedure for organic and inorganic carbon in soil. Soil Science Society America Proceeding, 24: 36-40.
Alloway, BJ 2013, Sources of heavy metals and metalloids in soils. In: Alloway, BJ (Ed.). Heavy Metals in Soils, Springer Netherlands, pp. 11-50.
Argyraki, A & Kelepertzis, E 2014, Urban soil geochemistry in Athens, Greece: the importance of local geology in controlling the distribution of potentially harmful trace elements. Science of the Total Environment, 482-483: 366-377.
Ayoubi, S, Soltani, Z & Khademi, H 2018, Particle size distribution of heavy metals and magnetic susceptibility in an industrial site. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 100: 708-714.
Bai, J, Xiao, R, Cui, B, Zhang, K, Wang, Q, Liu, X, Gao, H & Huang, L 2011, Assessment of heavy metal pollution in wetland soils from the young and old reclaimed regions in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Environmental Pollution, 159: 817-824.
Barati, S, Mirghaffari, N, Sefianian, A & Khodakarami, L 2012, Spatial distribution of Cr, Co and Ni in surface soils of Hamedan province. Journal of Natural Environment, 65: 283-295.
Cambardella, CA, Moorman, TB, Parkin, TB, Karlen, DL, Turco, RF & Konopka, AE 1994, Field scale variability of soil properties in Central Iowa soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58: 1501-1511.
Canbay, M, Aydin, A Kurtulus, C 2010, Magnetic susceptibility and heavy-metal contamination in topsoils along the Izmit Gulf coastal area and IZAYTAS (Turkey). Journal of Applied Geophysics, 70: 46-57.
Chen, T, Liu, XM, Li, X, Zhao, KL, Zhang, JB & Xu, JM 2009, Heavy metal sources identification and sampling uncertainty analysis in a field-scale vegetable soil of Hangzhou, China. Environment Pollution, 157: 1003-10.
Dankoub, Z, Ayoubi, S, Khademi, H & Sheng-Gao, L 2012, Spatial distribution of magnetic properties and selected heavy metals in calcareous soils as affected by land use in the Isfahan region, central Iran. Pedosphere, 22: 33–47.
Dayani, M & Mohammadi, J 2010, Geostatistical assessment of Pb, Zn and Cd contamination in near-surface soils of the urban-mining transitional region of Isfahan, Iran. Pedosphere, 20: 568-577.
Dragović, R, Gajić, B, Dragović, S, Dordević, M, Dordević, M, Mihailović, N & Onjia, A 2014, Assessment of the impact of geographical factors on the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils around the steel production facility in Smederevo (Serbia). Journal of Cleaner Production, 84: 1-13.
Esmaeili, A, Moore, F, Keshavarzi, B, Jaafarzadeh, N & Kermani, M 2014, A geochemical survey of heavy metals in agricultural & background soils of the Isfahan industrial zone, Iran. Catena, 121: 88-98.
Gee, GW & Bauder, JM 1986, Particle-size analysis. In: Klute, A (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods. Agronomy monogroph, No. 9. 2nd (Ed.). American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. pp. 383-411.
Goovaerts, P 1997, Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation. Oxford University Press, New York, USA, p. 83.
Hu, Y, Liu, X, Bai, J, Shih, K, Zeng, EY & Cheng, H 2013, Assessing heavy metal pollution in the surface soils of a region that had undergone three decades of intense industrialization and urbanization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20: 6150-6159.
IBM Corp 2010, IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 19.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corpoation.
ISO/CD 11466 1995, Soil quality-extraction of trace elements soluble in Aqua-Regia, Switzerland. The International Organization for Standardization, p. 12.
Karimi, A, Haghnia, GH, Safari, T & Hadadian, H 2027, Lithogenic and anthropogenic pollution assessment of Ni, Zn and Pb in surface soils of Mashhad plain, northeastern Iran. Catena, 157: 151-162.
Kravchenko, AN 2003, Influence of spatial structure on accuracy of interpolation methods. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67: 1564–1571.
Li, X, Liu, L, Wang, Y, Luo, G, Chen, X, Yang, X, Guo, R, Wang, H, Cui, J & Xingyuan, H 2013, Heavy metal contamination of urban soil in an old industrial city (Shenyang) in Northeast China. Geoderma, 192: 50-58.
Li, Feng, LN 2012, Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of metals in urban soil of Weinan industrial areas, Northwest of China. Atmospheric Environment, 47: 58-65.
Ling-yu, B, Xi-bai, Z, Lian-fang, L, Chang, P & Shu-hui, L 2010, Effects of land use on heavy metal accumulation in soils and sources analysis. Scientia Agricultural Sinica, 9: 1650-1658.
Lu, A, Wang, J, Qin, X, Wang, K, Han, P & Zhang, S 2012, Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of the spatial distribution and origin of heavy metals in the agricultural soils in Shunyi, Beijing, China. Science of the Total Environment, 425: 66-74.
McGrath, D, Chaosheng, B & Carton, O 2004, Geostatistical analysis and hazard assessment on soil Pb in Silver mines area, Ireland. Environmental Pollution, 127: 239-248.
Mico, C, Recatala, L, Peris, M & Sánchez, J 2006, Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils of an European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis. Chemosphere, 65: 863-872.
Mohammadpour, Gh, Karbassi, A & Baghvand A 2016, Pollution intensity of nickel in agricultural soil of Hamedan region. Caspian Journal of Environmental Science, 14: 15-24.
Monavari, M 2001, Directory of environmental impact assessment of industrial zones. 1st Ed., EPA, p. 152 (In Persian).
Palumbo, B, Angelone, M, Bellanca, A, Dazzi, C, Hauser, S, Neri, R & Wilson, J 2000, Influence of inheritance and pedogenesis on heavy metal distribution in soils of Sicily, Italy. Geoderma, 95: 247-266.
Qing, X, Yutong, Z & Shenggao, L 2015, Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 120: 377-385.
Rencher, AC 2002, Methods of multivariate analysis.Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, p. 738.
Rodriguez Martín, JA, Carbonell, G, Nanos, N & Gutiérrez, C 2013, Source identification of soil mercury in the Spanish islands. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 64: 171-179.
Rodriguez, JA, Nanos, N, Grav, JM & Gil, L 2008, Multiscale analysis of heavy metal contents in Spanish agricultural topsolis. Chemosphere, 70: 1085-1096.
Saby, NPA, Thioulouse, J, Jolivet, CC, Ratie, C, Boulonne, L & Bispo, A 2009, Multivariate analysis of the spatial patterns of 8 trace elements using the French soil monitoring network data. Science of the Total Environment, 407: 5644-5652.
Sajn, R & Gosar, M 2014, Multivariate statistical approach to identify metal sources in Litija area (Slovenia). Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 138: 8-21.
Semnan Province Meteorological Administration 2010, Bulletin of Semnan Province Meteorological Administration, p. 68 (In Persian).
Sun, YB, Zhou, QX, Xie, XK & Liu, R 2010, Spatial, sources and risk assessment of heavy metal contamination of urban soils in typical regions of Shenyang, China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174: 455-462.
Taghipour M, Ayoubi S & Khademi H 2011, Contribution of lithologic and anthropogenic factors to surface soil heavy metals in western Iran using multivariate geostatistical analyses. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 20: 921-937.
Walkley, A & Black, IA 1934, An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29-38
Webster, R & Oliver, MA 2007, Geostatistics for environmental scientists, Second Edition, Wiley Press, p. 330.
Webster, R & Burges, TM 2002, Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil properties III-changing drift & universal kriging. Journal of Soil Science, 31: 505-524.
Wei, BG & Yang, LS 2010, A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts & agricultural soils from China. Microchemical Journal, 94: 99-107.
Xie, Z, Li, J & Wu, W 2007, Application of GIS & geostatistics to characterize spatial Variation of soil fluoride on Hang-Jia-Hu Plain, CCTA, China. Computer & Computing Technologies in Agriculture, 1: 253-266.
Zamani, A, Yaftian, MR & Parizanganeh A 2015, Statistical evaluation of topsoil heavy metal pollution around a lead and zinc production plant in Zanjan Province, Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 13: 349-361.
Zhao, YC, Wang, ZG, Sun, WX, Huang, B, Shi, XZ & Ji, JF 2010, Spatial interrelations and multi-scale sources of soil heavy metal variability in a typical urban–rural transition area in Yangtze River Delta region of China. Geoderma, 156: 216-227.
| ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,040 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 697 |