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مطالعه میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک و فتوسنتز جاری در اندازههای متفاوت بذر چهار رقم گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) در اقلیم رشت | ||
علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران | ||
مقاله 4، دوره 3، شماره 1، فروردین 1395، صفحه 47-61 اصل مقاله (1.1 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
متین فروزی1؛ سید محمدرضا احتشامی* 2؛ مسعود اصفهانی2؛ محمد ربیعی3 | ||
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان | ||
2اعضای هیأت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان | ||
3دانشجوی دکترای زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان | ||
چکیده | ||
بهمنظور بررسی اثر اندازه بذر بر روند تولید و تجمع ماده خشک و انتقال مجدد مواد فتوسنتزی به دانه در چهار رقم گندم نان، آزمایشی در پاییز سال زراعی 92-1391 در مزرعه پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور انجام شد. این آزمایش بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی در این تحقیق شامل اندازه قطر بذر در چهار سطح (25/2 تا 50/2 میلیمتر،50/2 تا 75/2 میلیمتر، 75/2 تا سه میلیمتر و بزرگتر از سه میلیمتر) و رقم (کوهدشت، مغان3، مروارید و ژنوتیپ بومی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد رقم تأثیر معنیداری بر میزان فتوسنتز جاری، سرعت تشکیل عملکرد و عملکرد دانه داشت. اندازه بذر تأثیر معنیداری بر میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک، کارایی انتقال مجدد، سهم انتقال مجدد، سهم فتوسنتز جاری، سرعت تشکیل عملکرد دانه، سرعت تشکیل عملکرد زیستی، عملکرد زیستی و عملکرد دانه داشت. بذرهای با اندازه بزرگتر از سه میلیمتر بیشترین میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک (17/345 گرم در متر مربع)، کارایی انتقال مجدد (28/32 درصد) و سهم انتقال مجدد (53/68 درصد) را به خود اختصاص دادند، در حالیکه بذرهای با اندازه 25/2 تا 5/2 میلیمتر بیشترین میزان سهم فتوسنتز جاری (5/55 درصد) را داشتند. رقم مروارید و بذرهای با اندازه 25/2 تا 5/2 میلیمتر کمترین مقدار سرعت تشکیل عملکرد زیستی (41/60 کیلوگرم در هکتار در روز)، عملکرد زیستی (10542 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، سرعت تشکیل دانه (77/17 کیلوگرم در هکتار در روز) و عملکرد دانه (3/3101 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را به خود اختصاص دادند. اثر متقابل تیمارهای آزمایشی در هیچ یک از صفات معنیدار نبود. بنابراین، ژنوتیپ بومی و اندازه بذر 75/2 تا سه میلیمتر، بهعلت توزیع بهتر مواد فتوسنتزی، از نظر صفات مهم عملکردی مناسبتر بودند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
انتقال مجدد؛ اندازه بذر؛ عملکرد دانه؛ فتوسنتز جاری؛ گندم نان | ||
مراجع | ||
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