تعداد نشریات | 31 |
تعداد شمارهها | 748 |
تعداد مقالات | 7,108 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 10,240,897 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,898,411 |
اثر تلفیق تیمار زیستی بذر و کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد و جذب عناصر غذایی شلغم علوفهای (Brassica rapa L.) | ||
علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران | ||
مقاله 4، دوره 1، شماره 1، مرداد 1393، صفحه 51-66 اصل مقاله (988.27 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سید محمدرضا احتشامی* 1؛ محمد ربیعی2 | ||
1عضو هیأت علمی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان | ||
2پژوهشگر موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت | ||
چکیده | ||
به منظور بررسی تلفیق تیمار زیستی بذر و کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد و جذب عناصر غذایی شلغم علوفه ای، آزمایشی در مزرعه پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور (رشت) در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در دو سال زراعی 1389 و 1390 انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی در این تحقیق شامل(1) شاهد (بدون کود و بدون تلقیح)، (2) کود کامل شیمیایی و بدون تلقیح، (3) تلقیح با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سویه 12+ بدون کود شیمیایی نیتروژن، (4) تلقیح با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سویه 12+ 100 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن، (5) تلقیح با سودوموناس فلورسنس سویه 41+ بدون کود شیمیایی فسفر، (6) تلقیح با سودوموناس فلورسنس سویه 41 + 100 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفر، (7) تلقیح با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سویه 12+ سودوموناس فلورسنس سویه 41+ بدون کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر، (8) تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سویه 12+ سودوموناس فلورسنس سویه 41+ 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر، (9) تلقیح با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سویه 12+ سودوموناس فلورسنس سویه 41+ 100 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر بودند. ویژگی های مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، میزان عناصر (فسفر و نیتروژن) در بافت گیاه، وزن خشک برگ و غده و عملکرد علوفه تر و خشک بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تلفیق تیمار زیستی بذر و کود شیمیایی اثر معنی داری بر ویژگی های مورد مطالعه داشت. همچنین اثر این تلفیق بر درصد نیتروژن، فسفر و عملکرد علوفه خشک معنی دار بود. تلقیح با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سویه 12+ سودوموناس فلورسنس سویه 41 به همراه سطح کودی 50 درصد و100 درصد باعث افزایش وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه شد. درصد فسفر و نیتروژن بافت گیاهی در تیمارهای تلفیقی نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که مدیریت تلفیقی کود نقش بهسزایی در افزایش عملکرد کمی و جذب عناصر غذایی شلغم علوفه ای دارد و تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سویه 12+ سودوموناس فلورسنس سویه 41 و 50 درصد کود شیمیایی مناسب ترین روش کوددهی شلغم علوفه ای می باشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ازتوباکتر؛ سودوموناس؛ عملکرد؛ عناصر غذایی؛ مدیریت تلفیقی | ||
مراجع | ||
Amal, G. A., Orabi, S. and Gomaa, A. M. 2010. Bio-organic farming of grain sorghum and its effect on growth, physiological andyield parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(3): 270-279. Asghar, H. N., Zahir, Z. A., Arshad, M. and Khalig, A. 2003. Relationship between invitro production promoting activities in Brassica Juncea L. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35: 231-237. Ashrafuzzaman, M., Hossein, F. A., Rzai Ismail, M., Anamul, M. D., Zahrul Islam, M., Shahiullah, S. M. and Meon, S. 2009. Efficiency of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for the enhamcement of rice growth. African Journal of Biotehnology, 8: 1247–1252. Caravaca, F., Alguacil, M. M., Azcon, R., Parlade, J., Torres, P. and Roldan, A. 2005. Establishment of two ectomycorrhizal shrub species in a semiarid site after in situ amendment with sugar beet, rock phosphate and Aspergillus niger. Microbial Ecology, 49: 73–82. Chandrasekar, B. R., Ambrose, G. and Jayabalan, N. 2005. Influence of biofertilizers and nitrogen source level on the growth and yield of Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb) Link. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 1(2): 223-234. Chang, C. H. and Yang, S. S. 2009. Thermo-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing microbes for multi-functional biofertilizer preparation. Bioresource Technology, 100: 1648–1658. Dhanasekar, R. and Dhanadapani, R. 2012. Effect of biofertilizers on the growth of Helianthus annus. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Enviromental Sciences, 2(4):143-147. Ebrahimi, S., Iran nejad, H. and Modrres Sanavy, A. M. 2007. Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum application on quantity and quality forage of rape seed cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 10(18): 3126-3130. Ehteshami, S. M. R., Abbasi, M. R. and Khavazi, K. 2013a. Effect of Pseudomonas putida on yield and phosphorus uptake of three forage sorghum cultivars in Varamin. Soil Biology, 1(2): 133-144. (In Persian) Ehteshami, S. M. R., Janzamin, I., Ramezani, M., Khavazi, K. and Zand B. 2013b. Effect of integrated management of phosphorus fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of two forage corn cultivars in Varamin. Journal of Crop Improvement, 15(1): 95-110. (In Persian) Estiken, A., Yildiz, H. E., Ercilsi, S., Donmez, M. F., Turan, M. and Gunes, A. 2010. Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria on yield, growth and nutrient content of organically grown strawberry. Scientia Horticuiturae, 124:62-66. Gholami, A., Shahsavani, S. and Nezarat, M. 2009. The effect of growth promoting rhizobacteria on germination, seedling growth and yield of maize. International Journal of biological life Sciences, 1(1):35 – 40. Gutierrez-Manero, F. J., Acero, N., Lucas, J. A. and Probanza, A. 1996. The influence of native rhizobacteria on European alder growth, characterizacion and biological assay of metabolites produced by growth promoting and growth inhibiting bacterial. Plant and Soil, 182: 67–74. Hanson, W. C. 1950. The photometric determination of phosphorus in fertilizers using the phosphor vanadomolybdate complex. Journal of Science in Food and Agriculture, 1: 172-173. Hernandez, A. N., Hernandez, A. and Heydrich, M. 1995. Selection of rhizobacteria for use in mazecultivation. Cultivos tropicales, 6: 5-8. Kapulink, Y., Sarig, S., Nur, A., Okon, Y. and Henis, Y. 1982. The effect of Azospirillium inoculation on growth and yeild of corn. Journal of Botany, 31: 247–255.
Kavino, M., S. Harish, N. Kumar, D. Saravanakumar and R. Samiyappan. 2010. Effect of chitinolytic PGPR on growth, yield and physiological attributes of banana (Musa spp.) under field conditions. Applied Soil Ecology, 45: 71–77. Kim, K. Y., Jordan, D. and McDonald, G. A. 1998. Effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and VAM on tomato growth and soil microbial activity. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 26: 79-87. Kirchner, M. 1993. Soil microbial population and activities in reduced chemical input agroecosystems. SSSAJ. 57:1289-1295. Kizilkaya, R. 2008. Yield response and nitrogen concentration of spring wheat inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Ecological Engineering, 33: 150–156. Kothari, S. K., Marschner, H. and George, E. 1990. Effect of AM fungi and rhizosphere organisms root and shoot morphology, growth and water relations in maize. New Phytologist, 116: 303–311. Larsen, J., Cornejo, P. and Barea, J. M. 2009. Interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa and P. maserans in the mycorrhizosphere of Cucumis sativus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(2): 286-292. Mahato, P., Badoni, A. and Chauhan, J. S. 2009. Effect of Azotobacter and nitrogen on seed germination and early seedling growth in tomato. Researcher, 1(4): 35-43. Montanez, A., Rodriguze Blanco, A., Barlocco, C., Beracochea, M. and Sicardi, M. 2012. Characterization of cultivable putative endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria associated with maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) and effects in vitro. Applied Soil Ecology, 58: 21-28. Nanda, S. S. M., Swain, K. C., Panda, S. C., Mohanty, A. K. and Alim, M. A. 1995. Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers in lodder rainfed upland conditions of Orisa. Current Agricultural Research, 8: 45-47. Naserirad, H., Soleymanifard, A. and Naseri, R. 2011. Effect of integrated application of bio-fertilizer on grain yield, yield components and associated traits of maize cultivars. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 10 (2): 271-277. Rai, S. N. and Gaur, A. C. 1998. Characterization of Azotobacter spp. and effect of Azotobacter and Azospirllium as inoculant on the yield and N-uptake of wheat crop. Plant and Soil, 109: 131-134. Ramakrishnan, K. and Selvakumar, G. 2012. Effect of biofertilizers on enhancement of growth and yield on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). International Journal of Research in Botany, 2(4): 20-23. Rezvani-Moghadam, P. and Nasiri-Mahallati, M. 2000. Study of the effect of harvesting stages on nutrient, yield and planting properties of tree cultivars of forage sorghum. 6th Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. pp: 235. Saber, Z., Pirdashti, H. and Esmaeili, M. 2012. Response of wheat growth parameters to co-inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and different levels of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. World Applied Science Journal, 16 (2): 213-219. Saharan, B. S. and Nehra, V. 2011. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: A critical review. Life Sciences and Medicine Research, Vol (21): 1-32. Sajid, M., Zahir, N., Zahir, A., Naveed, M., Arshad, M. and Shahzad, S. M. 2008. Variation in growth and ion uptake of maize due to inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria under stress. Soil and Environment, 25(2): 78-84. Shaharoona, B., Arshad, M., Zahir, Z. A. and Khalid, A. 2006. Performance of Pseudomonas ssp. containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38: 2971-2975. Shaheen, A. M., Rizk, F. A., Omiama, B., Sawan, M. and Ghoname, A. A. 2007. The integrated use of bio-inoculants and chemical nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and nutritive value of two Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cultivars. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1(3): 307-312. Shalan, M. N. 2005. Influence of biofertilizers and chicken manure on growth and seed quality of Nigella sativa plants. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 83: 811-828. Sharma, A. K. 2004. Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobis, India, 407 p. Smart, A., Jeranyama, P. and Owen, V. 2004. The use of Turnips for extending the grazing season, College of Agriculture and Biology Sciences. South Dakota State University, USDA. Sudha, S. N. Jayakumar, R. and Sekar, V. 1999. Introduction and expression of the cry1Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis in a cereal-associated bacterium, Bacillus polymyxa. Current Microbiology, 38: 163–167. Verma, J. P., Yadav, J., Tiwari, K. N. and Kumar, A. 2013. Effect of indigenous Mesorhizobium spp. and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yields and nutrients uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under sustainable agriculture. Ecological Engineering, 51: 282-286. Vessy, K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255: 571-586. Wu, Q. S. and Xia, X. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus influence growth, osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis of citrus under well–watered and water stress conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163: 417-425. Wu, Q. S., Xia, R. X. and Zou, Y. N. 2008. Improved soil structure and citrus growth after inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under drought stress. European Journal of Soil Biology, 44: 122-128. Yu, X., Liu, X., Zhu, T. H., Liu, G. and Mao, C. 2012. Co-inoculation with phosphate-solubilzing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria on solubilization of rock phosphate and their effect on growth promotion and nutrient uptake by walnut. European Journal of Soil Biology, 50: 112-117. Yolcu, H., Turan, M., Lithourgidis, A., Cakmakcl, R. and Koc, A. 2011. Effects of plant growth-promoting and manure on yield and quality characteristics of Italian ryegrass under semi arid condition. AJCS. 5(13): 1730-1736. Zahir, A. Z., Abbas, S. A., Khalid, A. and Arshad, M. 2000. Substrate depended microbially derived plant hormones for improving growth of maize yield by inoculation wit plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science, 15: 7-11. Zaidi, A., Khan, M. S. and Aamil, M. 2004. Bioassociative effect of rhizospheric microorganisms on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of greengram. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27: 599-610. Zaki, N. M., Gomaa, F., Radwan, I., Hassanein, M. S. and Wali, A. M. 2012. Effect of mineral, organic and biofertilizers on yield, yield components and chemical composition of some wheat cultivars. Journal of Applied Science Research, 8(1):174-191. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,577 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 3,085 |