ارزیابی تیمارهای مختلف هورمونی و سرمایی بر برخی شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی و جوانه‌زنی بذور سه‌ گونه درمنه یکساله (Artemisia annua)، دوساله (A.biensis willd.) و چندساله (A.vulgaris L)

Ahmadi, Kh., Omidi, H. and Soltani, E. 2021. Optimization of seed germination, growth index and photosynthetic pigments content of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff seedlings under laboratory conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science, 36: 693-707. https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2021.73715.1111 (In Persian) (Journal)

Amirikia, F., Nabipour, M. and Farzaneh, M. 2023. Effect of hydro and hormone priming with gibberellin on germination, seedlings emergence and some growth characters in two Alhagi species (Alhagi graecorum Khuzestan ecotype and Alhagi maurorum Esfahan ecotype) under saline conditions of using seawater of Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 10: 63-80. https://doi.org/10.61186/yujs.10.1.63 (In Persian) (Journal)

Ansari, O., Shirghani, E. and Shabani, K. 2023. The effect of gibberellic acid application on germination and biochemical indices of deteriorated safflower seed (Carthamus tinctorius) under water stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Seed Researc, 10: 19-41. https://doi.org/10.61186/yujs.10.1.19  (In Persian) (Journal)

Azimi, M.H., Edrisi, B. and Hadi, M. 2021. Effect of tuber size and GA3 on the growth and stimulation of flowering of Zantedeschia pentlandii cv. Picasso. Plant Productions, 44: 447-458. https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.30436.1794 (In Persian) (Journal)

Bagheri, H., Souri, M., Adnani, S.M., Tavakoli Neko, H. and Nateghi Bagheri, S. 2022. Seed priming on germination and establishment of Astragalus brachyodontus species efficiency in greenhouse under water stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 29: 596-607. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijrdr.2022.128070 (In Persian) (Journal)

Baker, J.E. 1991. Purification and partial characterization of α-amylase allozymes from the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica. Insect Biochemistry, 21(3): 303-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1790(91)90020-F (Journal)

Bernfeld, P. 1995. Amylases alpha and beta methods in enzymology. Methods in Enzymology, 149-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(55)01021-5 (Book)

Besharati-Far, M., Khajoei-Nejad, G., Tohidi-Nejad, E. and Ghanbari, J. 2023. Germination response of Dracocephalum kotschyi to sulfuric acid pretreatment, gibberellic acid, and mycorrhiza at different temperatures. Iranian Journal of Seed Science. https://doi:10.61186/yujs.9.2.177 (In Persian) (Journal)

Bradford, K.J. 1995. Water Relation in Seed Germination. In Seed Development and Germination. Kigel and Galili, Eds: Marcel Dekker Inc, Newyork: 351-396 (Book)

Dehghanpour Farashah, H., Tavakkol-Afshari R., Sharifzadeh F. and Chavoshinasab S. 2011. Germination improvement and á-amylase and â-1,3-glucanase activity in dormant and nondormant seeds of Oregano (Origanum vulgare). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(4): 421-427. https://cabidigitallibrary.org by 2.184.145.15 (Journal)

Diyanat, M. and Hoseini, S.M. 2016. Comparison of seed germination and seedling growth of annual (Artemisia annua), biennial (A.biensis willd) and perennial Artemisia (A.vulgaris L.) species. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research, 3(1):87-98.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.24763780.1395.3.1.7.1 (In Persian) (Journal)

Ebrahimi, E., Moosavi, S.A., Siadat, S.A., Moallemi, N. and Sabaeian, M. 2022. Effect of seed priming on salinity tolerance of (Cassia fistula L.) at seed germination and seedling growth stages using digital image analysis. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 11: 17-34. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijsst.2022.358170.1426 (In Persian) (Journal)

Emadi, M., Sabbagh, S.K., Kamali, K. 2022. The effect of cytokinin and gibberllic acid on seed germination and growth traits of Lemom balm. Journal of Seed Research, 12: 33-43. https://doi.org/10.30495/jsr.2023.1981345.1251 (In Persian) (Journal)

Farid, Z., Wasif Amin, M., Younisi, H. and Joya, Kh. 2023. Reviving mung bean seeds: The impact of hydro priming and heat shock on germination rates. Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2: 69–77. https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.11 (Journal)

Ghanbari Moheb Seraj, R., Behnamian, M., Ahmadikhah, A., Shariati, V. and Dezhestan, S. 2022. Effect of drought stress on physiological and phytochemical traits of Silybum marianum L. Journal of Horticultural Science, 36: 135-147. https://dx.doi.org/10.22067/JHS.2021.68962.1022 (In Persian) (Journal)

Ghiasy Oskooe, M. and Aghalikhani, M. 2023. Towards utilizing Asteraceae alternative oilseed species on marginal lands: Agronomic performance, fatty acid composition, oil biocompounds, and oil physicochemical properties of Asteraceae species. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 14: 100799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100799 (Journal)

Habibzadeh, R., Mahmoudi, J. and Nasery, B. 2022. Effect of chemical treatments (gibberellic, ascorbic and salicylic acid) on seed germination characteristics of species Lolium rigidum Gaudin. Lolium prenne L. Journal of Seed Research, 45:1-10. https://doi:10.30495/jsr.2023.1981390.1250 (In Persian) (Journal)

Hasan beige, H., Mohammadi, M. and Saidi, M. 2020. The improvement growth indices and seed germination of Echinacea purpurea by some of pre-harvest and priming treatments of seeds. Journal of Plant Research, 34: 346-358. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23832592.1400.34.2.9.8 (In Persian) (Journal)

Hasanvand, H., Parmoon, Gh., Moosavi, S.A. and Siadat, S.A. 2021. Effects of seed priming with gibberellic acid on cardinal temperatures of Borage (Borage officinalis L.) seed germination. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 10: 43-56. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijsst.2020.343157.1347 (In Persian) (Journal)

Hedayati, A., Agha Mohseni, F., Norouzi, E., Hemmati, S, Mir Yousefzadeh, M. and Bagheri, Z. 2022. Essential oil composition and effect of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking and germination of Salvia sahendica Boiss. & Buhse. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(4): 59-72.  https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/ejmp/Article/985423/FullText (In Persian) (Journal)

Inderjit, S. and Foy, C. 1999. Nature of the interference mechanism of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris). Weed Technology, 13: 176–182. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890037X0004511 (Journal)

Jafari, S., Mousavi-Fard, S., Rezaei Nejad, A., Mumivand, H. and Sorkheh, K. 2022. Effects of chitosan and titanium dioxide (bulk and nano) foliar application on yield and biochemical responses of Silybum marianum L. Gaertn ecotypes. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 38: 450-463. https://doi: 10.22092/IJMAPR.2022.357559.3126 (In Persian) (Journal)

Kang, S.M., Shaffique, Sh., Hoque, M.I., Alomrani, S.O. and Park, Y.S. 2023. Foliar treatment with melatonin modulates photosynthetic and antioxidant responses in Silybum marianum L. under salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 325(1): 112664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112664 (Journal)

Klingeman, W.E., Robinson, D.K. and McDaniel, G.L. 2004. Regeneration of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) from rhizome sections in sand, pine bark, and soil substrates. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 22: 139–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-22.3.139 (Journal)

Mahmoudi Rad, Z., Nourafcan, H., Mohebalipour, N., Assadi, A. and Jamshidi, S. 2022. Antibacterial effect of methanolic extract of milk thistle seed on 8 species of gram-positive and negative bacteria. Journal of Plant Research, 35(4): 776-785. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23832592.1401.35.4.5.5 (In Persian) (Journal)

Mahoney, K.J. 2001. Biology of Biennial Wormwood (Artemisia biennis Willd.). M.Sc. thesis. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 63 p. (Book)

Makkar, H.P.S., Siddhuraju, P. and Becker, K. 2007. Plant Secondary Metabolites. Humana Press Inc, Totowa. (Book)

Malek, M., Hassani, F., Rezvani Khorshidi, E., Shayanfar, A., Oskoee, B. and Dehshiri, A. 2022. Dormancy and germination response of Galbanum seeds (Ferula gummosa) under different hormonal pre-treatments and cold stratification. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 9(1): 127-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/yujs.9.1.127 (In Persian) (Journal)

Mansouri, A. and Omidi, H. 2022. Effect of priming and seed age on germination, photosynthetic pigments, and biochemical content of Quinoa seedling. Plant Process and Function, 11 (50): 243-260.  http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23222727.1401.11.50.15.0 (In Persian) (Journal)

McDonald, M.B. 1999. Seed Deterioration: Physiology, Repair and Assessment. Seed Science and Technology, 177-237. (Book)

Mehravi, Sh., Hanifei, M., Gholizadeh, A. and Khodadadi, M. 2023. Water deficit stress changes in physiological, biochemical and antioxidant characteristics of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 201: 107806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107806 (Journal)

Momeni, K., Moradi, A., Mahmoudi, S. and Latif Manesh, H. 2023. The effect of biopriming and gibberellin on the quality and germination properties of parsley seed (Petroselinum crispum). Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 10(1): 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/yujs.10.1.1 (In Persian) (Journal)

Mousavoey, M., Jahanbakhsh, S., Modaresi, M., Parmoon, GH., Ebadi, A. and Kohan mo, M.A. 2021. Effect of salicylic and Jasmonic acid on yield and yield components of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under heat stress conditions. Journal of Plant Research, 34: 346-358. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23832592.1400.34.4.5.8 (In Persian) (Journal)

Mousavi Naserabad, M., Moradi, A., Masoumi Asl, A. and Balouchi, H.R. 2020. Effect of gibberellic acid, germination temperature and stratification on dormancy breaking and seed germination of Smyrnium cordifolium. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 51 (2): 199-222. https://dorl.net/dor/10.22059/ijfcs.2019.275448.654580 (In Persian) (Journal)

Mozaffarian, V. 2008. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botanical Taxonomy Latin-English-French-Germany-Persian. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books. (Book)

Nazari, M., Amiri, R. M., Mehraban, F. H. and Khaneghah, H. Z. 2012. Change in antioxidant responses against oxidative damage in black chickpea following cold acclimation. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 59: 183-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S102144371201013X (Journal)

Nazarpour, M.R. and Yadegari, M. 2021. Ecophytochemical survey in three species of Artemisia L. afected by different climate and phenological stages in Khuzestan province. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(2): 71-90.  https://doi.org/10.30495/ejmp.2021.694470 (In Persian) (Journal)

Nemati, A., Sharifi, H., Gerdakaneh, M. and Sharifi, Z. 2016. The Effect of pre-chilling and gibberellic acid on breaking seed dormancy of two medicinal plants species Silybum marianum and Citrulus colocynthis. Iranian Jouranl of Seed Research, 3(1): 169-177. (In Persian) (Journal)

Pichand, M., Dianati Tilaki, Gh. and Morad, H. 2022. Effect of different seed dormancy breaking treatments on germination of Taverniera cuneifolia.  Journal of Environmental Physiology, 66: 74-88. https://doi:10.30495/iper.2022.1947301.1756 (In Persian) (Journal)

Rahamooz Haghighi, S., Bagheri, Kh. and Sharafi, A. 2022. Improving seed germination, in vitro organogenesis and regeneration of Plantago major medicinal plant. Plant Research, 35(1): 1-18. https://doi:20.1001.1.23832592.1401.35.1.12.6 (In Persian) (Journal)

Sarani. M., Allahdou, M., Mehravaran. L. and Piri, H. 2024. Effects of drought stress on biochemical traits and its relationship with growth stage in milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 40: 191-205. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2023.361669.330 (In Persian) (Journal)

Sheikhnavaz jahed, P., Sedghi, M., Seyedsharifi, R. and Sofalian, O. 2022. Effect of seed priming on physiological and germination characteristics of deteriorated seed of squash (Cucurbita pepo L. var. styrica) under salinity stress. Iranian ournal of Seed Science and Technology, 11: 53-71. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijsst.2021.354410.1393 (In Persian) (Journal)

Shim, J., Cho, H., Sung, J.S., Yoo, E., Chin, J.H. and Lee, S. 2024. Agricultural phenotype and silymarin content variations of cultivated milk thistle in Korea. Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-024-00618-2 (Journal)

Shirali, Z., Salehi Salmi, M.R. and Negaresh, K. 2022. Dormancy breaking and seed germination improvement of two types of verbascum (Verbascum L.) under physical and chemical treatments. Journal of Seed Research, 12: 17-36. https://doi.org/10.30495/jsr.2023.1980388.1248 (In Persian) (Journal)

Soleymani, A. 2015. Effect of various treatments on breaking of seed dormancy of two accession of Foenicum vulgare L. New Finding in Agriculture. 9:199-211. (In Persian) (Journal)

Soltani Khankahdani, V., Balouchi, H., Moradi, A. and Gholamhoseini, M. 2021. Effect of water potential on seed germination indices of six Sesame cultivars (Sesamum indicum) at different temperatures and its relation to fatty acid composition. Plant Process and Function, 10 (42):31-52. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23222727.1400.10.42.4.6 (In Persian) (Journal)

Tajbakhsh, M. and Gheyasi, M. 2008. Seed Ecology. Press University of Urmia. (Book)

Vazieea, Sh., Khoshhal Sarmast, M., Ghaderi-Far, F., Wang, C. 2022. The role of gibberellic acid, temperature and scarification on in/ex vitro germination of Rosa persica Michx ex Juss. Journal of Plant Production Research, 29: 231-245. https://doi.org/10.22069/jopp.2022.20323.2941 (In Persian) (Journal)

Yadegari, M. 2018. Effects of the environmental characters on germination properties of seeds of Thymus daenensis and T.vulgaris. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 63: 343-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/JAS1804343Y (Journal)

Yousefi, F., Sihampoosh, A., Bakhshandeh, A. and Mousavi, S.A. 2021. The effect of hormone seed priming using gibberellic acid on seed germination characteristics and seedling growth of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea). Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research, 8(1): 173-188. https://dorl.net/dor/ 10.52547/yujs.8.1.173 (In Persian) (Journal)