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جداسازی و شناسایی قارچهای بذرزاد ماشکهای علوفهای و بررسی تأثیر آنها بر روی برخی ویژگیهای جوانهزنی | ||
علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران | ||
دوره 11، شماره 4، دی 1403، صفحه 1-15 | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/jms.2024.8795 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
نیما خالدی* 1؛ محمد رحمانی1؛ فرشید حسنی2 | ||
1موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
عوامل بیماریزای قارچی یکی از مهمترین عوامل تأثیرگذار بر رشد و میزان عملکرد محصول ماشکهای علوفهای میباشند. هدف از این پژوهش، جداسازی و شناسایی قارچهای بذرزاد از نمونههای بذری ماشکهای علوفهای، ارزیابی میزان تأثیر آلودگی بذر روی شاخصهای بنیه و جوانهزنی و همچنین بررسی روند انتقال آلودگی از بذر به گیاه نسل بعد بود. به منظور ردیابی آلودگیهای قارچی در نمونههای بذری، از ارقام مختلف ماشکهای علوفهای در مزارع استانهای استانهای آذربایجان غربی، آذربایجان شرقی، اردبیل، ایلام، کرمانشاه و کردستان نمونهبرداری شد. در مجموع بر اساس ویژگیهای ریختشناختی و آغازگرهای اختصاصی گونه، نه جدایه متعلق به گونههای Alternaria alternata (هفت جدایه، 8/77 درصد) و Fusarium oxysporum (دو جدایه، 2/22 درصد) شناسایی شدند. نتایج آزمون بیماریزایی نشان داد که تمامی جدایههای F. oxysporum (دو جدایه) و حدود 8/42 درصد جدایههای A. alternata (سه جدایه) غیربیماریزا یا اندوفیت بوده و این در حالی است که بقیه جدایههای A. alternata (چهار جدایه، 2/57 درصد) جداسازی شده از بذر توانستند درجات مختلفی از شاخص بیماری را روی گیاهچهی ماشکها ایجاد نمایند. نتایج حاصل از بررسی میزان انتقال بیماری سوختگی آلترناریایی از بذر به گیاه نسل بعد نشان داد که میزان بروز بیماری ناشی از قارچ A. alternata در شرایط آلودگی طبیعی بذر در محدودهی 35/0 تا 17/2 درصد و در شرایط مایهکوبی مصنوعی در محدودهی 09/1 تا 22/3 درصد میباشد. نتایج آزمون جوانهزنی استاندارد نشان داد که در میان نمونههای بذری ارقام مختلف ماشکهای علوفهای مورد بررسی، اختلاف معنیداری از نظر شاخصهای بنیه و جوانهزنی وجود دارد. آلودگی بذر به جدایههای اندوفیت و غیربیماریزا قارچهای A. alternata و F. oxysporum تأثیری روی شاخصهای مرتبط با ویژگیهای جوانهزنی نداشته، درحالیکه جدایههای بیماریزا و یا کمبیماریزای قارچ A. alternata با توجه به میزان بیماریزای آنها میتوانند روی درصد جوانهزنی و کیفیت گیاهچه تأثیرگذار باشند. این اولین گزارش در مورد شناسایی قارچهای بذرزاد از نمونههای بذری ماشکهای علوفهای در ایران میباشد. یافتههای این پژوهش دیدگاههای جدیدی را درباره تأثیر میزان بیماریزایی جدایههای قارچی بذرزاد روی شاخصهای مرتبط با ویژگیهای جوانهزنی و روند انتقال آلودگی به نسل بعد ارائه میدهد که میتوانند در بازنگری استاندارد ملی سلامت بذر و اتخاذ راهکارهای مدیریتی مؤثر و کاربردی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
انتقال بیماری؛ بذرزاد؛ بیماریزایی؛ سلامت بذر؛ گیاهان علوفهای | ||
مراجع | ||
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