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Effects of Thrips (Pseudodendrothrips mori Niwa) Infested Mulberry Leaves on Silkworm Growth and Commercial Cocoon Parameters | ||
| Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 4، شماره 1، فروردین 2006، صفحه 31-37 اصل مقاله (315.76 K) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| K. Etebari1؛ A. R. Bizhannia2 | ||
| 1Dept. of Sericulture, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somehe Sara 1144, | ||
| 2Iran Sericultural Research Center (ISRC), Pasikhan, Rasht, | ||
| چکیده | ||
| In mulberry orchards in northern part of Iran, thrips is a dominant pest and causing a lot of damage to the mulberry. The effect of pest on bio-chemical parameters of mulberry leaf of two varieties viz. Kenmochi and Ichenoise and also the effect of feeding of infested leaves on rearing performances have been studied. For the study, six plots of 200 m2 area of both the varieties were selected and three of them, of each variety, were sprayed with 0.5% Metasystox at a peak period of occurrence of nymph population to obtain the good healthy leaf without thrips infestation. Another 3 plots were left without pesticide spray to obtain infested leaves so as effect of infestation on chemical parameters of leaf and effect of infested leaves on rearing performance could be studied. During rearing, larvae were fed with good quality of mulberry leaf while another lot were fed with infested leaves. The results showed that there was a decrease in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and protein contents of leaves by 2.5, 10.8, 18.7 and 12.5%, respectively due to infestation and the decrease in these parameters was more in Kenmochi. There was also a significant decrease in total cocoon production, cocoon weight, pupal weight, and shell weight due to feeding of infested leaves. However, there was no significant difference in shell ratio between the lots fed with healthy and infested leaves. REFERENCES Bhattacharya, S. S., Chakraborty, N., Rao, K. M. and Sahakundu (1993) Thrips of mulberry in West Bengal & the record of thrips infecting mulberry in India. Environ. Ecol. 11, 239-240. Bray, R.H. and Kurtz, L.T., 1945. Determination of total, organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Sci, 59, 39-45 Cappellozza, A. and Mitto, F. (1987) Observations on the bio-ethological behaviour of Pseudodendrothrips mori Niwa (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) in some zones of Italy. Redia. 70, 523-533. Chen, L. S. (1980) Thrips associated with a The effect of mulberry thrips infection on shell ratio characteristics of silkworm fed on two varieties of mulberry 36 Effects of mulberry thrips on silkworm mulberry plant (Morus sp) in Taiwan. Proceedings of the National Science Council ROC. 4, 169-182. Das, C. Shivanath and Sinha, S.S. (1994 a) Thrips (Tysanoptera) infestation losses in mulberry (Morus alba). Ann. Entomol. 12, 1-4. Das, C., Shivanath and Rao, K.M. (1994 b) An investigation on morpho-physiological changes due to thrips infestation in mulberry (Morus alba L.). Geobios. 21, 109- 113. Das, C., Shivanath, Rao, K.M. and Gltosh, P. (1991) Biochemical changes due to thrips infection in mulberry. Proceedings of National Symposium: Plant Sciences in the nineties, K.U., pp. 225-229. Etebari, K. (2002) Determination of efficiency of sprinkler irrigation for non- chemical control of mulberry thrips Pseudodendrothrips mori (Thys., Thripidae) Proceeding of 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Kermansha. pp. 191. Etebari, K. and Matindoost, L. (2004) Evaluation of effects of sprinkler irrigation & spring prunning on density of mulberry thrips Pseudodendrothrips mori Niwa (Thys., Thripidae) J. Entomol. Soc. Iran. 23, 1-14. Etebari, K., Matindoost, L. and Singh, R.N. (2004) Decision tools for mulberry thrips Pseudodendrothrips mori management in sericultural regions; an overview. Entomologia Sinica, 11, 243-255. Etebari, K., Jalali, J. and Taksokhan, M. (1998) First report on the presence of mulberry thrips Pseudodendrothrips mori Niwa (Thys., Thripidae) as a new species for insect fauna of mulberry field of north of Iran. J. Entomol. Soc. Iran, 18, 26. Etebari, K., Jalali, J. and Taksokhan, M. (2000 a) Investigation on host preference of Psuedodendrothrips mori Niwa (Thy; Thripidae) on four varieties of mulberry in the field & laboratory. Iran. J. Agric. Sci. 31, 489-495. Etebari, K., Jalali, J. and Taksokhan, M. (2000 b) Thrips (Thysanoptera) fauna of mulberry fields in Guilan province. Proceeding of 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Isfahan. pp. 364. Jalali, J., Hasheminia, M., Etebari, K. and Shojaee, M. (2002) The Laboratory biology & seasonal population variations of mulberry thrips Pseudodendrothips mori Niwa (Thys., Thripidae) in Guilan province. J. Entomol. Soc. Iran. 21, 87-100. Lewis, T. (1997) Thrips as Crop Pests. CAB international publication, pp. 740. Lim, S. H., Y. T. Kim, S. P. Lee, I. J. Rhee, J. S. Lim and Lim, B. H. (1990) Sericulture training manual. FAO, Agricultural Services Bulletin, Rome. Misra S., C. R. Reddy , V. Sivaprasad, K. D. Reddy & Chandrashekhariah. (2003) Effect of certain insecticides in controlling Pseudodendrothrips mori in mulberry. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 7, 83-86. Mound, L. A. (1999) Saltatorial leaf-feeding Thysanoptera (Thripidae: Dendrothripinae) from Australia & New Caledonia, with newly recorded pests of ferns, figs and mulberries, Aust. J. Entomol. 38, 257- 273. Naik, S. L. (1997) Bio-ecology of thrips infesting mulberry. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Agriculture Sciences, Bangalore, India. Paik, H. J. and Lee, W.C. (1984) Efficacy of several insecticides to the mulberry thrips. Seri. J. Korea. 25, 32-36. Palmer, J. M. (1990) Identification of the common thrips of tropical Africa (Thysanoptera: Insecta) Trop. Pest Manag. 36, 27-49. Paul, D. C., Rao, G. S. and Deb, D. C. (1992) Impact of dietary moisture on nutritional indices and growth of Bombyx mori and concommitant larval duration. J. Insect Physiol. 38, 229-235. SAS institute (1997) SAS/STAT User’s Guide for personal computers, Cary, NC: SAS Institute. Sengupta, T., Misra, A. K., Das, C., Das, K. K., Sen, S. K. and Saratchandra, B. (1999) Physiochemical changes in thrips infected mulberry leaves. Sericologia. 39, 417-421. Singh, R. N. and Saratchandra, B. (2002) An Integrated Approach in the Pest Management in Sericulture. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 5, 141-151. Stannard, L. J. (1968) The thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois. Illinois Natural History Surv. Bull. 29, 215-552. Venugopala, S. and Krishnaswami, S. (1983) Population of mulberry thrips, Pseudodendrothrips mori (Niwa), in relation to weather factors. Indian J. Seric. 21, 46- 52. Woo, K. S. (1974) Thysanoptera of Korea. Korean J. Entomol. 4, 1-90. Wan, R. X. and Zhang, X.W. (1997) Etebari and Bizhannia 37 Investigation of the distribution of Belothrips mori Niwa on mulberry trees and its natural enemies Ningxia Jour. Agric. Forestry Sci. Tech. 6, 20–22. Xi, T. Z, and Zhu, J. (1991) The regular pattern of occurrence of mulberry thrips & the control strategies. Sichuan Sericulture 2, 24-25. Ye, Y.B. and Gu, Z.F. (1990) Chemical control of the mulberry thrips Pseudodendrothrips mori. Sericologia. 30, 385-388. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Bombyx mori؛ Crop loss assessment؛ Mulberry Thrips؛ Pseudodendrothrips mori؛ Silkworm | ||
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