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Physicochemical Properties of Soil from Five Villages in Botswana with Respect to Soil Degradation | ||
| Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 3، شماره 1، فروردین 2005، صفحه 29-34 اصل مقاله (271.55 K) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| F. Pule-Meulenberg* 1؛ B. Moganane2؛ O. Dikinya3 | ||
| 1Department of Crop Science and Production, Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, | ||
| 2Ministry of Agriculture, Private Bag 0033, Gaborone | ||
| 3University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone | ||
| چکیده | ||
| field study was conducted at five villages of Botswana namely, Tsabong, Tshane, Mathathane, Motlhabaneng and Tsetsejwe during the periods of June to August 1999 and June to August 2000. The objective of the study was to assess and compare the soil physicochemical properties of soils at the five villages and to study the effect of cultivation on some soil physical properties. Parameters measured in the field included soil pH, organic carbon (OC), phosphorus (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na), bulk density (BD), soil penetration resistance and infiltration rate. Soil pH, OC, CEC, Mg, Ca and BD were found to be significantly different in the five villages. The non-cultivated soil was found to have significantly lower bulk density, higher infiltration rate and higher penetration resistance compared to the cultivated soil. Soil from the Kgalagadi area was found to be significantly lower in nutrients in comparison with the soil from the Bobirwa area. The cultivated soil was found to have higher, bulk density, lower infiltration rate and lower penetration resistance. REFERENCES Anon, (1984) Annual Report for the Division of Arable Crops Research. Department of Agricultural Research, Government Printers Gaborone, 99 p. Bhalotra, Y. P. R., (1987) Climate of Botswana, Part II Elements of Climate. Department of Meteorological Survey, Gaborone, 104 p. Bradford, J. M. (1986) Penetrability. In Klute, A. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 1: Physical and Mineralogical properties. 2nd ed. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, pp. 463-478. Brady, N. C. and Weil, R. R. (1999) The nature and properties of soil 12th ed. Prentice-Hall Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 881 p. De Wit, P. and Kgatlwane, K., (1990) Soil Map of the Republic of Botswana 1:1000000. Ministry of Agriculture Dougill, A. 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Department of Geology and Soil Fertility and Management, Agricultural University of Norway, Ås, Norway. Moleele, N. M., Ringrose, S., Matheson, W. and Vanderpost, C., (2002) More woody plants? The status of bush encroachment in Botswana’s grazing areas. J Arid Environ 64, 3-11. Mullins, C. E., Blackwell, P. S. and Tisdall, J. M., (1992) Strength development during drying of a cultivated, flood irrigated hardsetting soil. 1. Comparison with a structurally stable soil. Soil Tillage Res. 25, 113-128. Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeney, D. R. (1982) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Amer. Soc. Agronomy, Madison, WI USA, 1159 p . Pardo, M. T., Ristori, G., D’acqui, L. P. and Almendros, G. Assessment of soil fertility and agronomic constraints in Southern African Savannas. Case study of Pandamatenga area (Botswana). http://www.savannas.net/botswana/soil typ.htm Perkins, J. S. and Thomas, D. S. G., (1993) Environmental responses and sensitivity to permanent cattle ranching, semi arid western Botswana. Landscape Sensitivity (eds. Thomas D. S. G. and Allison, R. J.), pp 273-286. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Pule-Meulenberg, F. and Batisani, N. J. (2003) A review of Botswana soil fertility research: Current status and prospects. UNISWA J. of Agric. 12,60-67 Rhebergen, G. J. and Mafoko, T. D., (1984) Soil Map of Palapye 1:250000. Ministry of Agriculture Ringrose, S. and Matheson, W., (1995) Impact of range degradation trends in south east Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records Thompson, M. and Troeh, F. R., (1978) Soils and Soil Fertility. McGraw Hill Publications in Agricultural Sciences. 561 p. Uehara, G. and Gillman, G., (1981) The mineralogy and physics of tropical soils with variable charge clays. West View tropical agriculture series No 4. West View Press Boulder Colorado. 170 p. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| bulk density؛ cultivation؛ infiltration rate؛ penetration resistance؛ physicochemical properties؛ soil degradation | ||
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