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Effects of air pollution and monetary policy on health expenditure with a sustainable development approach in the European Union | ||
| Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
| دوره 23، شماره 1، فروردین 2025، صفحه 131-145 اصل مقاله (1.27 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cjes.2025.8566 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Maryam Bayat1؛ Nazar Dahmardeh Ghaleno* 2؛ Jean-François DUPUY2؛ Marzie Esfandiari1 | ||
| 1Department of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Applied Sciences, Rennes, France | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Demographic, social, and economic factors, along with financing arrangements and the organizational structure of the health system, shape a country's health expenditure and its evolution over time. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on Europe’s health expenditure in 2020. This study aims to examine the effects of air pollution and monetary policy on healthcare expenditure in European countries within the framework of sustainable development during the COVID-19 crisis. To achieve this, spatial panel models are used to analyze the 2005–2020 panel data of 27 countries. The results indicate that the average air pollution index negatively affects healthcare expenditure. In contrast, GNI, Broad Money (M3), CPI, and the Death rate positively impact healthcare expenditure. Based on these empirical findings, if EU governments aim to guide the expansion of the healthcare system through a more government-driven monetary policy, they should revise their air pollution regulations accordingly. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Air pollution؛ Monetary policy؛ Health expenditure؛ Spatial panel data model | ||
| مراجع | ||
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