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Mammalian gut microbiome and brain development: A comprehensive review | ||
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 28 آبان 1403 اصل مقاله (469.25 K) | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cjes.2024.8158 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Farhad Mashayekhi* ؛ Zivar Salehi | ||
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
چکیده | ||
Both internal and external environmental cues during prenatal life have been shown to play an important role in mammalian brain development. Epidemiological data have indicated a possible common link between neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, and microbial pathogen infections during the prenatal period. The gut is exposed to a wide range of external influences due to its extensive surface area. By working alongside the beneficial microbes in the gut, the brain efficiently processes the large volume of chemical signals that enter the gut daily. Most bacteria in mammals are located in the colon. Given their presence in the mammalian body for millions of years, it is plausible that microbes have co-evolved with the animals. Recent environmental studies have delved into the hypothesis of the microbiota-gut-brain axis to elucidate the impact of the gut microbiota on the mammalian brain. Certain components of the bacterial cell wall have the ability to traverse the placenta and reach the brain. Toll-like receptor two activation leads to increased expression of transcription factors that regulate development and neurogenesis. Research has revealed a new connection between the effects of cytokines produced by microbiota-controlled microbial activity and the neurogenesis process. This review explores the influence of gut microbiome (GM) on mammalian neurogenesis, myelination, and the blood-brain barrier. The findings support the conclusion that GM impacts the behaviors of neural stem cells and neurogenesis, which is essential for mammalian brain development. Moreover, disturbances in gut microbiota can lead to abnormal neurogenesis and mammalian brain mal-development. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Gastrointestinal microbiome؛ Mammalian brain development؛ Neurogenesis؛ Neural stem cells | ||
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