پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 31 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 732 |
| تعداد مقالات | 6,886 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 9,684,294 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,627,848 |
Influence of machine type, traffic intensity, and travel speed on selected soil physical properties during skidding operations | ||
| Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
| دوره 22، شماره 3، مهر 2024، صفحه 727-740 اصل مقاله (775.36 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cjes.2024.7852 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Ramin Naghdi* 1؛ Ahmad Solgi1؛ Parviz Rahmani1؛ Petros A. Tsioras2 | ||
| 1Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 1144, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran | ||
| 2Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 227, Greece | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Among the various factors affecting soil compression during wood extraction, travel speed hasn’t received much attention. The aims of this study were to (a) assess the effects of two frequently employed wood extraction machines, namely a tractor (Massey Ferguson 285) and a skidder model (Timberjack 450C), equipped with different tire sizes and uneven axle loads with regard to forest soil physical properties and rut formation under various traffic frequencies and travel speeds, and (b) examine the relationship between travel speed and soil bulk density. Treatments included six different traffic frequencies (0, 1, 3, 6, 10 and 15 passes) and three travel speed levels (1, 3 and 5 m s-1) of the two tractors. The number of passes, machine type, and travel speed all show significant effects (p < 0.05) on bulk density, total porosity, and rut depth. The skidder exerted statistically significant. Bulk density positively correlated with traffic intensity in all examined levels of travel speed. Porosity in the topsoil (0–10 cm) decreased by an elevating number of passes and this trend was also evidenced as the travel speed decreased. Furthermore, the skidder created, in all cases, deeper ruts than those generated by the tractor. Considering the imminent end of the ban on wood harvesting in the study area in 2016, these insights have practical implications for forest management and wood extraction practices. Forest managers should carefully consider the choice of wood extraction equipment and operational parameters, especially travel speed, to minimize soil compaction and rut formation. The implementation of strategies that support sustainable soil management practices during the wood extraction are paramount to preserving the long-term health and productivity of forest ecosystems. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Soil compaction؛ Porosity؛ Rut depth؛ Skidder؛ Tractor | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ampoorter, E, Goris, R, Cornelis, WM & Verheyen, K 2007, Impact of mechanized logging on compaction status of sandy forest soils. Forest Ecology and Management, 241: 162-174.
Ampoorter, E, De Frenne, P, Hermy, M & Verheyen, K 2011, Effects of soil compaction on growth and survival of tree saplings: a meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Ecology, 12: 394-402.
Arocena, JM 2000, Cations in solution from forest soils subjected to forest floor removal and compaction treatments. Forest Ecology and Management, 133: 71-80.
Bagheri, I, Naghdi, R & Moradmand Jalali, A 2013, Evaluation of factors affecting soil erosion along skid trails (Case study; Shafarood Forest, Northern Iran). Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11:151-160.
Booklet of revised forestry plan series 1 and 2 Tanian 2013, Department of Natural Resources and Watershed, Sowmeh Sara, Iran, 187 p. [In Persian].
Botta, G, Jorajuria, D & Draghi, L 2002, Influence of the axle load, tyre size and configuration, on the compaction of a freshly tilled clayey soil. Journal of Terramechanics, 39: 47-54.
Botta, G, Jorajuria, D, Rosatto, H & Ferrero, C 2006, Light tractor frequency on soil compaction in the rolling Pampa region of Argentina. Soil and Tillage Research, 86: 14-19.
Botta, GF, Tolon Becerra, A & Bellora Tourn, F 2009, Effect of the number of tractor passes on soil rut depth and compaction in two tillage regimes. Soil and Tillage Research, 103: 381-386.
Botta, GF, Tolon Becerra, A, Tourn, M, Lastra Bravo, X & Rivero, D 2012, Agricultural traffic: motion resistance and soil compaction in relation to tractor design and different soil conditions. Soil and Tillage Research, 120: 92-98.
Cambi, M, Certini, G, Neri, F & Marchi, E 2015, The impact of heavy traffic on forest soils: A review. Forest Ecology and Management, 338: 124-138.
Carman, K 2002, Compaction characteristics of towed wheels on clay load soil in a soil bin. Soil and Tillage Research, 65: 37-43.
Davies, DB, Finey, JB & Richardson, SJ 1973, Relative effects of tractor weight and wheel-slip in causing soil compaction. Soil Science, 24: 401-409.
Eliasson, L & Wästerlund, I 2007, Effects of slash reinforcement of strip roads on rutting and soil compaction on a moist fine-grained soil. Forest Ecology and Management, 252: 118-123.
Ezzati, S, Najafi, A, Rab, MA & Zenner, EK 2012, Recovery of soil bulk density porosity and rutting from ground skidding over a 20-year period after timber harvesting in Iran. Silva Fennica, 46: 521-538.
Froehlich, H, Aulerich, D & Curtis, R 1981, Designing skid trail system to reduce soil impacts from tractive logging machines. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Research Paper 44, Corvallis Oregon, USA.
Greacen, EL & Sands, R 1980, Compaction of forest soils: a review. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 18: 163-189.
Grigal, DF 2000, Effects of extensive forest management on soil productivity. Forest Ecology and Management, 138: 167-185.
Horn, R, Vossbrink, J & Becker, S 2004, Modern forestry vehicles and their impacts on soil physical properties. Soil and Tillage Research, 79: 207-219.
Jamshidi, AR, Almassi, M, Minaei, S & Naemi, KJ 2013, Effects of tillage intensity and tractor traffic on soil compaction in potato yield in North of Khuzestan, Iran. Advances in Environmental Biology, 7: 730-734.
Kalra, YP & Maynard, DG 1991, Methods and manual for forest soil and plant analysis. Forestry Canada, Re NOR-X-319, Northern Forestry Centre.
Kim, H, Anderson, SH, Motavalli, PP & Gantzer, CJ 2010, Compaction effects on soil macropore geometry and related parameters for an arable field. Geoderma, 160: 244-251.
Kobe, RK 2006, Sapling growth as a function of light and landscape level variation in soil water and foliar nitrogen in northern Michigan. Oecologia, 147: 119-133.
Koutsianitis, D & Tsioras, PA 2017, Time consumption and production costs of two small-scale wood harvesting systems in Northern Greece. Small-scale Forestry, 16: 19-35.
Kozlowski, TT 1999, Soil compaction and growth of woody plants. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 14:596-619.
Labelle, ER, Hansson, L, Högbom, L, Jourgholami, M & Laschi, A 2022, Strategies to mitigate the effects of soil physical disturbances caused by forest machinery: a comprehensive review. Current Forestry Reports, 8: 20-37.
McCurdy, D, Stewart, B, Neily, P, Quigley, E, Keys, K 2004, Post-harvest soil disturbance and permanent structure survey. In: Ecosystem management group forest management planning. Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, 17 p.
McNabb, KL, Miller, MS, Lockaby, BG, Stokes, BJ, Clawson, RG, Stanturf, JA & Silva, JNM 1997, Selection harvest in Amazonian rainforest: long term impacts on soil properties. Forest Ecology and Management, 93: 153-160.
Murray, CD & Buttle, JM 2004, Infiltration and soil water mixing on forested and harvested slopes during spring snowmelt Turkey Lakes Watershed central Ontario. Journal of Hydrology, 306: 1-20.
Naghdi, R & Solgi, A 2014, Effects of skidder passes and slope on soil disturbance in two soil water contents, Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 35: 73-80.
Naghdi, R, Solgi, A & Zenner, EK 2015, Soil disturbance caused by different skidding methods in north mountainous forests of Iran. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 26: 212-224.
Naghdi, R, Solgi, A, Labelle, ER & Zenner, EK 2016a, Responses of soil physical and chemical properties and maple (Acer velutinum Boiss) seedling growth to soil compaction following ground-based skidding. European Journal of Forest Research, 135: 949-962.
Naghdi, R, Solgi, A, Zenner, EK, Tsioras, PA & Nikooy, M 2016b, Soil disturbance caused by ground-based skidding at different soil moisture conditions in Northern Iran. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 27: 169-178.
Naghdi, R, Solgi, A, Zenner, EK & Nikooy, M 2018a, Soil physical properties degrade further on skid trails in the year following the termination of skidding operations. Journal of Forest Research, 29: 93-101.
Naghdi, R, Solgi, A, Zenner, EK & Tsioras, PA 2018b, Effect of skid trail curvature on residual tree damage. Australian Forestry, 82: 1-8.
Naghdi, R, Solgi, A, Labelle, ER & Nikooy, M 2020, Combined effects of soil texture and machine operating trail gradient on changes in forest soil physical properties during ground-based skidding. Pedosphere, 30: 508-516.
Najafi, A, Solgi, A, Sadeghi, SH 2009, Soil disturbance following four wheel rubber skidder logging on the steep trail in the north mountainous forest of Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 103: 165-169.
Najafi, A, Solgi, A & Sadeghi, SH 2010, Effects of skid trail slope and ground skidding on soil disturbance. Caspian Journal of Environmental Science, 8: 13-23.
Nugent, C, Kanali, C, Owende, PMO, Nieuwenhuis, M & Ward, S 2003, Characteristic site disturbance due to harvesting and extraction machinery traffic on sensitive forest sites with peat soils. Forest Ecology and Management, 180: 85-98.
Picchio, R, Neri, F, Petrini, E, Verani, S, Marchi, E & Certini, G 2012, Machinery-induced soil compaction in thinning two pine stands in central Italy. Forest Ecology and Management, 285: 38-43.
Rab, MA 1994, Changes in physical properties of a soil associated with logging of Eucalyptus regnans forest in southeastern Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, 70: 215-229.
Rab, MA 2004, Recovery of soil physical properties from compaction and soil profile disturbance caused by logging of native forest in Victorian Central Highlands, Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, 191: 329-340.
Sheridan, G 2003, A comparison of rubber-tyred and steel-tracked skidders on forest soil physical properties. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 41: 1063-1075.
Smith, D & Dickson, JW 1990, Contributions of vehicle weight and ground pressure to soil compaction. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 46:13–29.
Sadeghi, S, Solgi, A & Tsioras, PA 2022, Effects of traffic intensity and travel speed on forest soil disturbance at different soil moisture conditions. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 33: 146-154.
Solgi, A, Lotfalian, M, Akbar Rafiei, A, Marchi, E & Ilstedt, U 2023, Combined effects of traffic intensity, skid trail slope, skidder type, and soil moisture content on soil degradation in the Hyrcanian forest of Iran. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 34: 385-396.
Solgi, A, Najafi, A & Sam Daliri, H 2013, Assessment of Crawler Tractor Effects on Soil Surface Properties. Caspian Journal of Environmental Science, 11: 185-194.
Solgi, A, Najafi, A & Sadeghi, SH 2014, Effects of traffic frequency and skid trail slope on surface runoff and sediment yield. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 25:171-178.
Solgi, A, Naghdi, R, Labelle, ER, Tsioras, PA & Nikooy, M 2016, Effect of varying machine ground pressure and traffic frequency on the physical properties of clay loam soils located in mountainous forests. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 27: 161-168.
Solgi, A, Naghdi, R, Tsioras, PA, Ilstedt, U, Nikooy, M & Salehi, A 2017, Effects of skidding direction, skid trail slope and traffic frequency on soil disturbance in the north mountainous forest of Iran. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 38: 97-106.
Solgi, A, Naghdi, R, Behjou, FK, Labelle, ER, Zenner, EK & Hemmati, V 2018, The effects of using soil protective mats of varying compositions and amounts on the intensity of soil disturbances caused by ground-based skidding operations. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 29: 199-207.
Solgi, A, Najafi, A, Page Dumroese, DS & Zenner, EK 2020, Assessment of soil disturbance caused by different skidding methods along the margin of the machine operating trail. Geoderma, 367: 114238.
Soto, DP, Donoso, PJ, Salas, C & Puettmann, KJ 2015, Light availability and soil compaction influence the growth of underplanted Nothofagus following partial shelterwood harvest and soil scarification. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 45: 998-1005.
Yoshida, T, Iga, Y, Ozawa, M, Noguchi, M & Shibata, H 2005, Factor influencing early vegetation establishment following soil-scarification in a mixed forest in northern Japan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35: 175-188.
Zar, JH 1999, Biostatistical analysis, 4th edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 662 p. plus appendices.
Zenner, EK, Fauskee, JT, Berger, AL, Puettmann, KJ 2007, Impacts of skidding traffic intensity on soil disturbance, soil recovery, and aspen regeneration in north central Minnesota. Northern Journal of Applied Forest, 24: 177-183. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 58 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 126 |
||