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مطالعه تطبیقی فرآیند مدرنیزاسیون در ایران و ترکیه: دوره آتاترک و رضاشاه | ||
سیاست جهانی | ||
مقاله 9، دوره 12، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 46، اسفند 1402، صفحه 221-247 اصل مقاله (745.12 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/wp.2020.17705.2612 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مجتبی جعفری1؛ جلیل نائبیان* 2؛ احسان شاکری خویی3 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی- مسائل ایران، گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران، | ||
2استاد گروه تاریخ، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران | ||
3استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
دو کشور همسایه ایران و ترکیه از نظر تاریخی و سیاسی تقریبا در یک دورهی زمانی یکسان شاهد تحولات قابل توجهی بودهاند. رضاشاه و آتاترک بعد از به قدرت رسیدن و با توجه به شرایط داخلی و خارجی کشورشان درصدد اقدامات اصلاحی خود بر مبنای غربی سازی و به نوعی عرفی سازی برآمدند. وجوه تشابه و تفاوت جامعهی هر دو کشور و نحوه تعامل و مخالفت نیروها و طبقات مختلف اجتماعی در آنها سرنوشت دیگرگونهای را رقم زده است. هر دو رهبر سیاسی قصد داشتند تا در فرآیندی دستوری و آمرانه مردم را به سوی مدرنیزاسیون سوق دهند. مقایسه و مطالعهی تطبیقی اقدامات مدرنیزاسیون رضاشاه و آتاتورک وجود شباهتهای بسیاری را آشکار میکند اما با توجه به این وجوه مشابه از نظر رویکرد نظری، ما شاهد نتیجه و برآبند متفاوتی هستیم. مقالهی حاضر درصدد مقایسهی فرآیند مدرنیزاسیون در ایران و ترکیه از منظر نظریهی مدرنیزاسیون آمرانه یا نوسازی از بالا است. لذا این مقاله درصدد پاسخ به این پرسش است که؛ چرا با وجود شباهتهای فراوان، سرنوشت مدرنیزاسیون در دوران رضاشاه پهلوی متفاوتتر از دوران مصطفی کمال آتاترک بود؟. یافتههای این نوشتار حاکی از آن است که تفاوت کارکرد نهاد دین و رابطهی آن با حکومت در کنار عوامل دیگر، موجبات عدم کامیابی مدرنیزاسیون در دوران رضاشاه پهلوی در مقایسه با مدرنیزاسیون در دوران مصطفی کمال آتاترک بوده است. در این مقاله از روش « تطبیقی- تاریخی» بهره میگیریم. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
فرآیند مدرنیزاسیون؛ رضاشاه؛ مصطفی کمال؛ ایران؛ ترکیه | ||
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