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Provision of urban green spaces: A case study of Oujda City, Northeast Morocco | ||
| Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 14 خرداد 1403 اصل مقاله (1.6 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cjes.2024.7783 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Fadoua Chkird* 1؛ Abdellah Azougay2؛ Ibtissam Mzabri1؛ Imane Amar2؛ Azzouz Boukroute1؛ Abdelbasset Berrichi1؛ Belkheir Hammouti* 3؛ Nour-Eddine Kouddane1 | ||
| 1Laboratory for the Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60.000, Morocco | ||
| 2Laboratory of Applied Geosciences, Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60.000, Morocco | ||
| 3UEMF Research Center, Euromed University of Fes, UEMF, BP 15, Fes 30070, Morocco | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The quality and quantity of urban green spaces have a direct or indirect impact on residents' living environment, providing environmental, social, psychological, and aesthetic benefits. However, these advantages can only be realized by all citizens if there is an adequate and equitable distribution of green infrastructure that meets the needs and expectations of users. In Morocco, the analysis of urban green spaces has primarily focused on quantitative aspects, offering only a partial understanding of the current situation. This study represents a pioneering effort at the national level, aiming to introduce a methodology for evaluating the provision of urban green spaces. The city of Oujda, situated in the Northeast region of Morocco, is used as a case study, employing various approaches that prominently consider accessibility and user satisfaction. This analysis incorporates three key approaches: firstly, a quantitative assessment utilizing ratios of urban green spaces per capita and per city area; secondly, a spatial and accessibility-focused investigation using maps and Geographic Information System (GIS) software; and thirdly, a qualitative examination based on a survey conducted among the city's residents. The results reveal a total green infrastructure of 1821 hectares, comprising 10 different types of green spaces and 132,457 meters of tree-lined streets, corresponding to ratios of 23% of the city's area and 37 m² per inhabitant. These figures surpass both national and international recommendations. However, the ratio of tree-lined streets per inhabitant remains relatively low compared to other European cities, at 0.27 linear meters per inhabitant. Notably, forests stand out as the most abundantly endowed green space type, with a ratio of 33 m² per inhabitant, surpassing national recommendations, while all other types fall below the recommended minimum. The distribution analysis of green spaces throughout the city reveals significant disparities between different districts. Employing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for cartographic analysis, it was observed that vegetation within the urban perimeter covers a total of 2,331 hectares, accounting for 29% of the city's area. Furthermore, the analysis of green space service areas shows coverage across 5,805 hectares, representing 72% of the city's area. Overlaying these analyses highlights the most underserved zones in terms of vegetation, encompassing an area of 1,232 hectares, or 15% of the city's area, with an estimated population of 71,667 inhabitants, or 15% of the city's population. The inequitable distribution of urban green spaces is further underscored by the qualitative analysis, wherein city residents report having to travel considerable distances beyond accessibility norms to access green zones. They assert that these spaces are inadequately equipped and fail to meet their quality requirements. The survey also reveals that their preferences lean towards larger, versatile green spaces that offer tranquility, proximity to nature, and a sense of calm. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Urban green spaces؛ Accessibility؛ Service area؛ Inventory؛ NDVI؛ Morocco؛ Oujda | ||
| مراجع | ||
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