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مسئولیّت کیفری از نظرگاه اخلاق فضیلت | ||
پژوهشنامه حقوق کیفری | ||
دوره 15، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 29، تیر 1403، صفحه 163-177 اصل مقاله (895.41 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/jol.2024.25615.2409 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
رحیم نوبهار* 1؛ کامران محمودیان اصفهانی2 | ||
1دانشیار گروه حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. | ||
2استادیارگروه حقوق، واحد خمینی شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
ریشههای فلسفۀ حقوق کیفری فضیلتگرا را باید در فلسفۀ اخلاق فضیلت پیگیری نمود. نظریهپردازان این نحلۀ فکری بر این باورند که مفهوم توصیفی جرم بر اساس مفاهیم سهگانۀ اخلاق فضیلت(رذیلت، ناخودداری و خودداری) شکل میگیرد؛ یعنی این مفاهیم اخلاقی بر «اساس»و«درجۀ» مسئولیّت کیفری تأثیرگذار هستند. پرسش این است که بر اساس مفاهیم فضیلتمحور، حوزۀ «مسئولیّت کیفری» چگونه تبیین میشود؟ برخی از فضیلتگرایان معتقدند که «منش» شرط لازم مسئولیت کیفری است؛ در مقابل، بعضی دیگر از فیلسوفان حقوق کیفری در زمینۀ مسئولیت کیفری بر عنصر «رفتار» تأکید میکنند. این نوشتار با روش تحلیلی-انتقادی، نخست تأثیر مفاهیم سهگانۀ اخلاق فضیلت بر مفهوم جرم را بررسی کرده و سپس دلایلی علیه این موضع عرضه نموده است. همچنین این تحقیق استدلال میکند که ابعاد خطای اخلاقی سهگانه(رذیلت، ناخودداری و خودداری) بهعنوان یک «شرط لازم» در مفهوم «توصیفی» جرم تأثیری ندارند و حوزۀ جرمانگاری و اساس مسئولیت کیفری را نمیتوان صرفاً بر اساس مفاهیم منشی طراحی نمود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
فلسفۀ حقوق فضیلت؛ رذیلت؛ ناخودداری؛ خودداری؛ شکوفایی | ||
مراجع | ||
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