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مقاله مروری: سازوکارهای کلیدی تاثیر باکتریهای محرک رشد (PGPR) در کنترل تنش شوری (بذور تلقیح شده – پوشش دار زیستی) گندم | ||
علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 10، شماره 4، دی 1402، صفحه 79-96 اصل مقاله (1.28 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/jms.2023.7685 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
احمد اصغرزاده* 1؛ کبری ثقفی2 | ||
1عضو هیات علمی، بخش بیولوژی خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
2دکتری اصلاح نباتات، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
گندم بهعنوان غذای اصلی اغلب جوامع بشری، یک کالای راهبردی است. با بروز جنگ اکراین و روسیه و اخلال در تامین غلات و همچنین با تغییرات اقلیم در جهان، اهمیت گندم برای تغذیه جمعیت کره زمین بیش از پیش نمایان شده است. این گیاه بهدلیل سازگاری گسترده با شرایط مختلف آب و هوایی، سهولت کشت، امکان نگهداری طولانی مدت، ارزش غذایی مناسب و قابلیت مصرف در اشکال مختلف، بسیار حائز اهمیت است. قرار گرفتن ایران در اقلیم گرم و خشک و در نتیجه شور بودن درصد زیادی از زمینهای زراعی، ایجاب مینماید که بیشترین توجه به مطالعه و پژوهش در مورد راز و رمزها و روش های افزایش تولید این محصول راهبردی در شرایط تنش( خشکی و شوری ) بهعمل آید. بنابراین باید بهدنبال راهکارهای ارزان و موثر جهت افزایش تولید این محصول بود. برای مقابله با تنش شوری، روشهای مختلفی از جمله آبشویی خاکهای شور، مدیریت مناسب آبیاری و کشت، استفاده از ارقام گیاهی مقاوم به شوری و کاربرد انواع کودهای زیستی بهعنوان پوشش بذر و یا تلقیح آن مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. استفاده از ریزجانداران مفید یکی از راهکارهای زیستی و موثر محسوب میشود که در کنار مصرف معقول کودها و مواد شیمیایی، توجه به قابلیتهای تاثیرگذاری متنوع و بسیار موثر آنها در محیط ریشه و برگ برای پرایمینگ زیستی و مولکولی بذر، برای مقابله با شوری و خشکی و در نهایت تولید محصول درکشور نیز جدی گرفته شده و کاربردی گردد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تنش شوری؛ پوشش زیستی بذر؛ تلقیح بذر؛ گندم | ||
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