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تحلیل فقهی– مبنایی گسترۀ تعزیر در قانون مجازات اسلامی با تأکید بر قواعد فقه حکومتی | ||
پژوهشنامه حقوق کیفری | ||
دوره 15، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 29، تیر 1403، صفحه 132-145 اصل مقاله (840.95 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/jol.2024.25891.2419 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
هادی صالحی* 1؛ محمد کاظم زارع2 | ||
1استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. | ||
2دانشآموخته دکتری حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
قانون مجازات اسلامی سال 92 در اقدامی آنی از یکسو اقدام به توسیع مفهوم تعزیر به ارتکاب محرمات شرعی (معاصی) نمود و از سوی دیگر، ضمن حذف عنوان «مجازاتهای بازدارنده» موضوع قانون سابق، دایرۀ تعزیر را شامل نقض مقررات حکومتی نیز دانست. با مراجعه به فقه شیعه، بهویژه قاعدۀ «التعزیر لکل حرام»، عنوان تعزیر، نهتنها قابلیت شمول تمامی گناهان، اعم از صغیره و کبیره، را نداشته، بلکه پاسخ دادن برخی اعمال غیرمعاصی به استناد صیانت از اجتماع و بهعنوان قسمی از کیفرهای تعزیری از منظر فقهی فاقد توجیه مبنایی است؛ کما اینکه این اعمال از باب احکام سلطانیه و تحت عناوین دیگری، همچون «مجازاتهای حکومتی»، قابل توجیه به نظر میرسد. این در حالی است که اقدام قانونگذار از یکسو منجر به ایجاد تقسیمبندی مبهم و پرسشبرانگیز، تحتعنوان تعزیرات منصوص و غیرمنصوص شده و از سوی دیگر سبب پیشبینی نهاد مرور زمان برای تعزیرات (برخلاف فقه امامیه) گردیده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تعزیر؛ گناه؛ مجازاتهای بازدارنده؛ مجازاتهای حکومتی؛ احکام سلطانیه | ||
مراجع | ||
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