پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 31 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 708 |
| تعداد مقالات | 6,652 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 9,197,649 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,309,385 |
Risk of heavy metal contamination in bottled drinking water in Iraq | ||
| Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 15 بهمن 1402 اصل مقاله (517.97 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cjes.2024.7506 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Ibrahim M. Al-Sudani* 1؛ Mawj R. Al-Hamdany1؛ Asmaa S. I. Al-Khayat2 | ||
| 1Collage of Renewable Energy and Environmental Science, Al-Khark University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq | ||
| 2Collage of Science, Al-Khark University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Goal No.6 (SDG’s) are dedicated to ensuring the availability and access to clean drinking water around world. Bottled drinking water (BDW) become the safest choice for many people in Iraq due to the lack of credible tap water sources. To assess the validity of BDW sold in Iraq-Baghdad 40 samples were examined for the presence of toxic heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni, Mn and Fe) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry; then we check if the concentration safe according to Iraqi and WHO standard. The result revealed that concentrations of (Cr, Ni and Pb) up over the permissible levels; while (Cd and Mn) not detected any more. The presence of (Cr, Ni and Pb) in BDW have many health risk especially for children; thus our study suggested activating the periodic examination on the bottled drinking water by the competent authorities and environmental humanitarian organizations. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Bottled drinking water؛ Heavy metal؛ Risk assessment؛ Iraq | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abbas, BM, AL Saqur, IM & Majeed, HA 2016, Detection and genotyping of Giardia lamblia in clinical and environmental samples in some regions of Baghdad city. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5: 459-468.
Abdelaal, S, El Saftawy, AA, Alkadi, M, Salama, S & Kandil, SA 2015, Quality evaluation of several brands of bottled mineral water from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 27: 3494-3498, http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.19140.
AL Dulaimi, GA & Younes, MK 2017, Assessment of potable water quality in Baghdad city. Iraq, Air, Soil and Water Research, 10: 1-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/117862211773344
Al Hiyaly, SK, Al Obaidy AH & Abdul Majeed, A 2013, Evaluation of heavy metals content in local and imported bottled drinking water. Engineering and Technology Journal, 32: 3068-3092.
Al Sudani, IM 2021, Water quality assessment of tigris river using overall index of pollution (OIP), Baghdad Science Journal, 18: 1059-1102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.2(Suppl.).1095.
Al-Taee, IA, Al-Khafaji, AS, Mahmoud, AJ 2024, Comparative assessment of some heavy metals in water and sediments from Sawa Lake, South Iraq. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 22: 197-210.
APHA (American Public Health Association) 2005, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st Edition, Washington DC,11510 pp.
Canadian Health Authority 2016, Guidelines for canadian drinking water quality: Guideline technical document – chromium. Published by authority of the Minister of Health, 91 p., https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/hc-sc/documents/services/publications/healthy-living/chromium/chromium-eng.pdf.
Cicchella, D, Albanese, S, De Vivo, B, Dinelli, E, Giaccio, L, Lima, A & Valera, P 2010, Trace elements and ions in Italian bottled mineral waters: Identification of anomalous values and human health related effects. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 107: 336-349, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.04.004 .
EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2020, Update of the risk assessment of nickel in food and drinking water. EFSA Journal, 18: 6268. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6268.
Forouhar Vajargah, M, Sattari, M, Imanpour Namin, J, Bibak, M 2021, Evaluation of trace elements contaminations in skin tissue of Rutilus kutum Kamensky 1901 from the south of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, DOI: 10.22102/jaehr.2021.259190.1201
Iraqi Water Quality Control Centre 1995, IQS 1937/1995 for Bottled Drinking Water.
Miranzadeh, MB, Hassanzadeh, M & Dehqan, S 2011, Determination of total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate and fluoride in 24 brands of Iranian bottled waters. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6: 5128-5132, http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.582 .
Morris, RD, Audet, AM, Angelillo, IF, Chalmers, TC & Mosteller, F 1992, Chlorination by products and cancer: A meta analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 82: 955-963.
NRDC 1999, Bottled Water: Pure drink or pure hype. A report to the Food and Drug Administration. www.nrdc.org/ndrcpro/bw/bwinx.html.
Pereda, MM 2016, The human rights implications of the bottled water industry. Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria.
Reynolds, JG 2001, Nickel in petroleum refining. Petroleum Science and Technology, 19: 979-1007.
Rosborg, I, Nihlgard, B, Gerhardsson, L, Gernersson, ML, Ohlin, R & Olsson, T 2005, Concentrations of inorganic elements in bottled waters on the Swedish market. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 27: 217-227, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-004-1612-8.
Sattari, M, Namin, JI, Bibak, M, Vajargah, MF, Bakhshalizadeh, S & Faggio, C 2019a, Determination of trace element accumulation in gonads of Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901) from the south Caspian Sea trace element contaminations in gonads. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, pp. 1-8, DOI: 10.1007/s40011-019-01150-5.
Sattari, M, Namin, JI, Bibak, M, Vajargah, MF, Faggio, C and Haddad, MS 2019b, Trace and macro elements bioaccumulation in the muscle and liver tissues of Alburnus chalcoides from the south Caspian Sea and potential human health risk assessment. Journal of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, 1: 13- 20.
Sattari, M, Imanpour, J, Bibak, M, Forouhar Vajargah, M & Khosravi, A 2019c, Investigation of metal element concentrations in tissue of Rutilus frisii in the Southwest Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 28: 149-161 (In Persian).
Sattari, M, Namin, JI, Bibak, M, Vajargah, MF, Hedayati, A, Khosravi, A & Mazareiy, MH 2019d, Morphological comparison of western and eastern populations of Caspian kutum, Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901; Cyprinidae) in the southern Caspian Sea. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 6: 242-247.
Stars Orbit Consultants and Management Development 2010, Water Quality Control and Surveillance in Iraq (Phase Two) (E3-11), World Health Organization (WHO), May.
Talib Jawad, SF, Shihab, A & Al-Taher, GM 2022, Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediments, Cladophora and two fish species from Al-Masab Alamm River, Al- Nassiriya, Iraq. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20: 805-812.
United Nation 2022, Goal. 6: Ensuring access to water and sanitation, https://unric.org/en/sdg-6/.
WHO 2017, Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality 4th Edition, WHO, Geneva.
World Health Organization 2011, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Geneva: WHO Publications.
Yang, CY, Cheng, MF, Tsai, SS & Hsieh, YL 1998, Calcium, magnesium and nitrate in drinking water and gastric cancer mortality. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 89: 124-130. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 35 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 46 |
||