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اثر تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد دانه و زیست توده ارزن پروسو در رشت | ||
تحقیقات غلات | ||
دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 47، شهریور 1402، صفحه 175-195 اصل مقاله (411.3 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cr.2023.24603.1780 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فاطمه قرباننژاد1؛ محسن زواره* 2؛ محمد رحمانی3 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
3محقق، موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
مقدمه: تولید گیاهان علوفهای متنوع میتواند با کاهش مشکلات ناشی از کمبود علوفه، فشار بر منابع طبیعی را کاهش داده و با تأمین نیازهای دامپروی، به بهبود اقتصاد و امنیت پایدار غذایی کمک کند. در بین این گیاهان، ارزن پروسو بهدلیل تولید بالای ماده خشک و سازگاری به محیطهای مختلف میتواند نقش مهمی داشته باشد. از آنجا که نخستین گام برای تولید بهینه علوفه، کاشت آن در زمان مناسب است، این پژوهش، با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر تاریخ های مختلف کاشت بر عملکرد دانه و علوفه ارزن پروسو در شرایط آب و هوایی رشت انجام شد. مواد و روشها: برای بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد دانه و زیستتوده ارزن پروسو (رقم پیشاهنگ) در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرستان رشت (استان گیلان)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان طی دو سال زراعی 97-1396 و 98-1397 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی در هر دو سال شامل چهار تاریخ کاشت بودند که در سال نخست، 8 خرداد، 6 تیر، 7 مرداد و 7 شهریور و در سال دوم، 14 خرداد، 16 تیر، 14 مرداد و 15 شهریور در نظر گرفته شد. برای اندازهگیری عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیستتوده، خطوط اصلی هر کرت با رعایت اثر حاشیه برداشت و پس از توزین، بر حسب کیلوگرم در هکتار ثبت شد. اندازهگیری سطح برگ و تعیین بیشینه شاخص سطح برگ، از مرحله پنجهزنی تا برداشت نهایی انجام شد. برای تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین دادهها از نرمافزار SAS استفاده شد. یافتههای تحقیق: یافتههای این آزمایش نشان داد که برهمکنش سال و تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد دانه و زیستتوده ارزن از نظر آماری معنیدار بود، بهطوری که با کشت ارزن پروسو در تاریخ ششم تیرماه در نخستین سال آزمایش بهدلیل فراهم شدن بهتر شرایط دمایی، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2182 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و زیستتوده (9927 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بهدست آمد. در این سال، میانگین وزن ماده خشک خوشه برابر با 25.53 گرم در بوته، میانگین تعداد خوشه برابر با 15.08 عدد در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته برابر با 2121 عدد در بوته، وزن هزار دانه برابر با 5.23 گرم و شاخص سطح برگ 5.14 واحد بود. در سال دوم آزمایش و در نخستین زمان کاشت (14 خرداد)، پارامترهای هواشناسی مانند دمای بیشینه و کمینه (بهترتیب 30.24 و 21.46 درجه سلسیوس)، تابش خورشیدی (17.7 مگاژول بر متر مربع بر روز) و ساعت آفتابی (7.67 ساعت) از مقادیر مطلوبتری در مقایسه با سه تاریخ کاشت دیگر برخوردار بودند. شرایط محیطی مناسب در نخستین زمان کاشت در سال دوم آزمایش نیز موجب افزایش شاخص سطح برگ (3.69 واحد)، ماده خشک خوشه (11.77 گرم در بوته)، تعداد خوشه (6.75 عدد در بوته)، تعداد دانه پر (1345 عدد در بوته) و وزن هزار دانه (4.7 گرم) شد. افزایش مقادیر صفات یاد شده نیز در نهایت موجب افزایش معنیدار عملکرد دانه (1283 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد زیستتوده (6537 کیلوگرم در هکتار) ارزن پروسو شد. نتیجهگیری: در مجموع با توجه به نتایج بهدست آمده از دو سال پژوهش میتوان بیان کرد که با کاشت ارزن پروسو در بازه زمانی 14 خرداد الی 6 تیر میتوان به بیشینه عملکرد زیستتوده و دانه در منطقه رشت دست یافت. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تعداد دانه؛ دما؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ عملکرد علوفه | ||
مراجع | ||
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