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بازتاب اندیشههای کلان پیرامون حق کیفر در مدلهای سیاست جنایی | ||
پژوهشنامه حقوق کیفری | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 15، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 29، تیر 1403، صفحه 99-116 اصل مقاله (842.34 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/jol.2023.23738.2365 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حسام شریعتینیا* 1؛ حسین آقابابایی2 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی ، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران. | ||
2دانشیار فقه و حقوق جزا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
با دگرگونی در تعریف و گسترهی سیاست جنایی، امروزه، آن را دانش و هنر شناخت و کاربست تدبیرهای گوناگون و پاسخهای پیشینی و پسینی برای مهار پدیدهی جنایی، دفاع از جامعه و شهروندان و تضمین حقوق و آزادیهای فردی، توسط دولت و/یا جامعهی مدنی میدانند. چینشهای متنوع ارکان دوگانهی آن -پدیدهی جنایی و هیئت اجتماع-، روابط گوناگون، و مدلهای دولتی و جامعهمحور را میسازد. مدلهای دولتی میتوانند خاص دولتهای اقتدارگرا، اقتدارگرای فراگیر یا دولت-جامعهی لیبرال باشند. از دیگرسو، در فلسفهی حقوق کیفری، جستوجوی دیرین و بنیادین پیرامون خاستگاه حق کیفر، در چارچوب دو دستهی کلان نظریات -اندیشههای مبتنی بر اثباتگرایی حقوقی و اندیشههای استوار بر حقوق طبیعی- انجام شدهاست. یافتهی پژوهش حاضر که با کاربرد روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و در جستوجوی پیوند میان مدلهای سیاست جنایی و نظریات معطوف به خاستگاه حق کیفر بوده این است که در میان مدلهای دولتی، مدلهای اقتدارگرا و اقتدارگرای فراگیر، با نظریات مبتنی بر حقوق طبیعی سازگارترند، و مدل دولت-جامعهی لیبرال، بیشتر با اندیشههای مبتنی بر اثباتگرایی حقوقی و تا حدی هم با نظریهی حقوق طبیعی سازگاری دارد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
اثباتگرایی حقوقی؛ پوزیتیویسم حقوقی؛ حق کیفر؛ حقوق طبیعی؛ خاستگاه حق کیفر؛ قرارداد اجتماعیِ؛ مدلهای سیاست جنایی؛ مشروعیت سیاسی کیفر | ||
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