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بهینهسازی تولید ارزن پروسو با توجه به تاریخ کاشت و تجزیه و تحلیل رشد | ||
تحقیقات غلات | ||
دوره 13، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 46، خرداد 1402، صفحه 77-97 اصل مقاله (552.69 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cr.2023.25514.1786 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فاطمه قربان نژاد1؛ محسن زواره* 2؛ محمد رحمانی3 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
3پژوهشگر، موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
مقدمه: نیاز روزافزون به علوفه در کنار چالشهای تولید آن مانند فشار بر مراتع، توجه به راهکارهای افزایش تولید در واحد سطح انواع گیاهان علوفهای را افزایش میدهد. در میان گیاهان علوفهای، ارزنها بهدلیل تنوع زیاد، سازگاری بالا، تولید بالای ماده خشک و نیز ارزش غذایی فراوان میتواند بهعنوان انتخابی مناسب در تناوب زراعی و الگوهای تولید مناطق مختلف قرار گیرند. این کار نیازمند آگاهی از تاریخ مناسب کشت این گیاه و آشنایی با چگونگی انطباق مراحل مختلف رشدی آن با شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه کشت است تا کشت و کار آن منجر به افزایش تولید شود. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر تاریخهای مختلف کاشت بر شاخصهای رشدی ارزن پروسو و چگونگی همنوایی مراحل رشد آن با شرایط محیطی، طراحی و اجرا شد. مواد و روشها: برای رسیدن به اهداف پژوهش، آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی 97-1396 و 98-1397 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار و چهار تاریخ کاشت (در سال اول 8 خرداد، 6 تیر، 7 مرداد و 7 شهریور و در سال دوم 14 خرداد، 16 تیر، 14 مرداد و 15 شهریور) انجام شد. با نمونهبرداریهای متناوب و اندازهگیری سطح برگ و ماده خشک اجزای مختلف بوته در کنار ثبت مراحل فنولوژیک، شاخصهای رشدی و پاسخ عملکرد ماده خشک گیاه و انطباق مراحل نموی گیاه با شرایط محیطی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافتههای تحقیق: یافتههای این آزمایش نشان داد که برهمکنش سال، تاریخ کاشت و زمان نمونهبرداری بر انباشت ماده خشک و نیز شاخصهای رشدی مورد مطالعه مانند شاخص سطح برگ (LAI)، سرعت رشد گیاه زراعی (CGR)، سرعت رشد نسبی (RGR)، سرعت جذب خالص (NAR)، نسبت سطح برگ (LAR) و نسبت وزن برگ (LWR) معنیدار بود. در این پژوهش در نخستین سال زراعی، بیشترین انباشت ماده خشک کل ارزن پروسو با میانگین 1030.8 گرم بر متر مربع با کاشت آن در تاریخ ششم تیرماه حاصل شد. افزایش ماده خشک ارزن پروسو در دومین زمان کاشت به نقش مؤثر شاخص سطح برگ بهعنوان مهمترین منبع تولید ماده پرورده و سرعت رشد گیاه زراعی ارتباط داشت. بهعبارت دیگر، بیشینه شاخص سطح برگ (5.14 واحد) و سرعت رشد گیاه (35.5 گرم بر گرم در متر مربع) در ارزن پروسو در دومین زمان کاشت بهدست آمد که این امر توانست ماده خشک آن را در مقایسه با سه تاریخ کاشت دیگر افزایش دهد. با اینحال، در دومین سال آزمایش، با کاشت ارزن پروسو در نخستین زمان کاشت (14 خرداد)، شاخص سطح برگ (3.69 )، سرعت رشد گیاه (25.99 گرم بر گرم در متر مربع) و سرعت جذب خالص (18.13 گرم بر متر مربع سطح برگ در روز) بهصورت قابل توجهی در مقایسه با سه تاریخ کاشت دیگر افزایش یافت. پیامد افزایش شاخصهای رشدی اشاره شده، افزایش انباشت ماده خشک کل ارزن پروسو بهمیزان 734.66 گرم بر متر مربع بود که افزایش معنیداری در مقایسه با سه تاریخ کاشت دیگر نشان داد. نتیجهگیری: در کل با توجه به یافتههای این آزمایش میتوان انتظار داشت که با کشت ارزن پروسو در بازه زمانی 14 خردادماه تا ششم تیرماه در رشت بتوان زیستتوده بیشتری در مقایسه با تاریخهای کاشت دیگر تولید کرد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
رشد و نمو؛ سطح برگ؛ شاخصهای رشد؛ ماده خشک | ||
مراجع | ||
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