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قطر و بحرین، دو تجربه کاملا متفاوت از ثبات سیاسی پس از بهار عربی | ||
سیاست جهانی | ||
مقاله 8، دوره 12، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 44، شهریور 1402، صفحه 213-244 اصل مقاله (967.14 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/wp.2023.25197.3225 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
خلیل اله سردارنیا* 1؛ هنگامه البرزی2؛ محمد مهدوی آرا3 | ||
1استاد گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. | ||
3دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی تحلیلی- توصیفی و با روش جامعه شناسی تاریخی، با بهرهگیری از مبانی نظری مرتبط با مفهوم ثبات و بیثباتی سیاسی به دنبال پاسخگویی به این سئوال بوده است که چرا دو کشور بحرین و قطر، با وجود برخی ویژگی های مشترک در شاخص های مربوط به ساختار اقتصادی(درآمدهای نفتی)، اجتماعی(نبود نهادهای مدنی قوی)، فرهنگی(فرهنگ سیاسی تابعیتی- قبیلهای) و ساخت حکومت پدرشاهی، پس از بهار عربی شاهد دو سرنوشت و تجربه کاملاً متمایزی از ثبات و بیثباتی سیاسی بوده اند؟ فرضیه این است که علیرغم این شباهتها، بحرین به دلایلی نظیر تجربیات پیشین مبارزات سیاسی شیعیان، توزیع ناعادلانه ثروت، مشاغل و مناصب و نگاه شهروند درجه دوم به شیعیان در توزیع شاخص های رفاهی، شغلی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و سیاسی مرتبط با حکمرانی و غیره پس از وقوع بهار عربی با بی ثباتی سیاسی مواجه شد. این درحالی است که قطر پس از بهار عربی برخلاف کشور بحرین به دلایلی همچون توزیع نسبتاً همگن مذهبی (اقلیت شیعی)، استمرار شاخص های نسبتاً خوب رفاهی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی، در کنار آزادسازیهای سیاسی از بالا به پایین و تدریجی از ثبات سیاسی نسبی برخوردار بوده است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
"بهار عربی"؛ "ثبات سیاسی"؛ "مشروعیت" | ||
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