Antioxidative compounds, enzymes activity and nutrient elements in Stachys byzantina are altered by climate conditions not by soil parameters

Abdalla, MM & El-Khoshiban, NH 2007, The influence of water stress on growth, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, some metabolic and hormonal contents of two Triticium aestivum cultivars. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3: 2062-2074. ‏

Abeles, FB, & Biles, CL 1991, Characterization of peroxidases in lignifying peach fruit endocarp. Plant Physiology, 95: 269-273.

Afsharnezhad, M, Shahangian, SS, Panahi, E, & Sariri, R 2017, Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts from some fruit peels. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 15: 213-222. ‏

Ahmad, P, Abdel Latef, AA, Abd_Allah, EF, Hashem, A, Sarwat, M, Anjum, NA & Gucel, S 2016, Calcium and potassium supplementation enhanced growth, osmolyte secondary metabolite production, and enzymatic antioxidant machinery in cadmium-exposed chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 513. ‏

Ahmad, P, Ahanger, MA, Alam, P, Alyemeni, MN, Wijaya, L, Ali, S & Ashraf, M 2019, Silicon (Si) supplementation alleviates NaCl toxicity in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] through the modifications of physio-biochemical attributes and key antioxidant enzymes. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 38: 70-82. ‏

Akkol, EK, Göger, F, Koşar, M & Başer, KHC 2008, Phenolic composition and biological activities of Salvia halophila and Salvia virgata from Turkey. Food Chemistry, 108: 942-949. ‏

Albert, A, Sareedenchai, V, Heller, W, Seidlitz, HK & Zidorn, C 2009, Temperature is the key to altitudinal variation of phenolics in Arnica montana L. cv. ARBO. Oecologia, 160: 1-8. ‏

Alfenito, MR, Souer, E, Goodman, CD, Buell, R, Mol, J, Koes, R & Walbot, V 1998, Functional complementation of anthocyanin sequestration in the vacuole by widely divergent glutathione S-transferases. The Plant Cell, 10: 1135-1149. ‏

Alici, EH & Arabaci, G 2016, Determination of SOD, POD, PPO and CAT enzyme activities in Rumex obtusifolius L. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 1-7. ‏

Ali Ehyaei, M & Behbahanizadeh, A 1993, Methods of chemical analysis of soil, Vol. 1, Publication No. 893. Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran 129 p.

‏ Ali Ehyaei, M 1997, Methods of soil chemical analysis. Agricultural Institute for Research, Instruction and Extension. Technical Publication No. 1024 (In Persian).

Alijanipoor, K, Hajihosseini, R, Sariri, R, Vaziri, A 2019, Extraction, purification and characterization of peroxidase from Vitis vinifera wastes. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 17: 1-9

Altshuler, DL & Dudley, R 2006, The physiology and biomechanics of avian flight at high altitude. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 46: 62-71. ‏

Anjum, NA, Ahmad, I, Mohmood, I, Pacheco, M, Duarte, AC, Pereira, E, ... & Prasad, MNV 2012, Modulation of glutathione and its related enzymes in plants’ responses to toxic metals and metalloids—a review. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 75: 307-324. ‏

Aqaei, P, Weisany, W, Diyanat, M, Razmi, J & Struik, PC 2020, Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to potassium nano-silica application under drought stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1-12.

 ‏ Arslan, D & Ozcan, MM 2011, Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of olive fruits of the Turkish variety “Sarıulak” from different locations. Grasas y Aceites, 62: 453-461.

Asnaashari, S, Delazar, A, Alipour, SS, Nahar, L, Williams, AS, Pasdaran, A, ... & Sarker, SD 2010, Chemical composition, free-radical-scavenging and insecticidal activities of the aerial parts of Stachys byzantina. Archives of Biological Sciences, 62: 653-662.

Awasthi, R, Bhandari, K & Nayyar, H 2015, Temperature stress and redox homeostasis in agricultural crops. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 3: 11. ‏

Baligar, VC, Fageria, NK, & He, ZL 2001, Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32: 921-950. ‏‏

Beauchmp, C & Fridovich, I 1971, Superoxide dismutase improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44: 276-287.

Bista, DR, Heckathorn, SA, Jayawardena, DM, Mishra, S, & Boldt, JK 2018, Effects of drought on nutrient uptake and the levels of nutrient-uptake proteins in roots of drought-sensitive and-tolerant grasses. Plants, 7: 28. ‏

Bita, C & Gerats, T 2013, Plant tolerance to high temperature in a changing environment: scientific fundamentals and production of heat stress-tolerant crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4: 273. 

Boczulak, SA, Hawkins, BJ & Roy, R 2014, Temperature effects on nitrogen form uptake by seedling roots of three contrasting conifers. Tree Physiology, 34: 513-523.

Brady, NC & Weil, RR 2007, The nature and properties of soil, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd., Licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia, 530-535. ‏

Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye-binding. Anal Biochemistry, 72: 54-284.

Broadley, MR, Willey, NJ, Wilkins, JC, Baker, AJ, Mead, A & White, PJ 2001, Phylogenetic variation in heavy metal accumulation in angiosperms. New Phytologist, 152: 9-27.

Brouder, SM & Volenec, JJ 2008, Impact of climate change on crop nutrient and water use efficiencies. Physiologia Plantarum, 133: 705-724.

Bouyoucos, GJ 1962, Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils 1. Agronomy Journal, 54: 464-465.

Butkutė, B, Lemežienė, N, Dagilytė, A, Cesevičienė, J, Benetis, R, Mikaliūnienė, J & Rodovičius, H 2016, Mineral element and total phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of seeds and aerial plant parts of perennial legumes. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 47: 36-45. ‏

Dhaliwal, SS, Naresh, RK, Mandal, A, Singh, R, & Dhaliwal, MK 2019, Dynamics and transformations of micronutrients in agricultural soils as influenced by organic matter build-up: A review. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 1:100007. ‏

Digrak, M, Alma, MH & Ilçim, A 2001, Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Turkish medicinal plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 39: 346-350.

Drew, MC 1983, Plant injury and adaptation to oxygen deficiency in the root environment: a review. Plant and Soil, 75: 179-199. ‏

Ebrahimabadi, AH, Ebrahimabadi, EH, Djafari-Bidgoli, Z, JookarKashi, J, Mazoochi, A, Batooli, H 2010, Composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts of Stachys inflata Benth. From Iran. Food Chemistry, 119: 452-458.

El Idrissi, Y, El Moudden, H, Harhar, H, Zarrouk, A, Tabyaoui, M 2021, Comparison and correlation of phytochemical content with antioxidant potential of different parts of Argan tree, Argania spinosa L. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19: 261-266

El-Ghani, MMA & Amer, WM 2003, Soil–vegetation relationships in a coastal desert plain of southern Sinai, Egypt. Journal of Arid Environments, 55: 607-628.

Elzam, OE & Hodges, TK 1967, Calcium inhibition of potassium absorption in corn roots. Plant Physiology, 42: 1483-1488.

Emami, A 1996, Methods of plant analysis Vol.1. Publication No. 982. Soil and Water Research Institute. Tehran.

Erdemoglu, N, Turan, NN, Cakoco, I, Sener, B & Aydon, A 2006, Antioxidant activities of some Lamiaceae plant extracts. Phytotherapy Research, 20: 9-13. ‏

Fageria, NK 2012, Role of soil organic matter in maintaining sustainability of cropping systems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43: 2063-2113.

Ghahreman, M 1996, A Dictionary of Iranian plants. Farhang Moasser, Tehran, Iran, pp. 199 and 738.

Gilliam, FS & Dick, DA 2010, Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and plant species in herb-dominated communities of contrasting land use. Plant Ecology, 209: 83-94.

Govasmark, E, Steen, A, Bakken, AK, Strom, T & Hansen, S 2005, Factors affecting the concentration of Zn, Fe and Mn in herbage from organic farms and in relation to dietary requirements of ruminants. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 55: 131-142.

Hasanuzzaman, M, Hossain, MA, da Silva, JAT & Fujita, M 2012, Plant response and tolerance to abiotic oxidative stress: antioxidant defence is a key factor. In Crop stress and its management: Perspectives and strategies (pp. 261-315). Springer, Dordrecht. ‏

Hayashi, K, Nagamatsu, T, Ito, M, Hattori, T & Suzuki, Y 1994, Acteoside, a component of Stachys sieboldii MIQ, may be a promising antinephritic agent: Effect of acteoside on crescentic-type anti-GBM nephritis in rats. The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, 65: 143-151. ‏

Hermans, C, Bourgis, F, Faucher, M, Strasser, RJ, Delrot, S & Verbruggen, N 2005, Magnesium deficiency in sugar beets alters sugar partitioning and phloem loading in young mature leaves. Planta, 220: 541-549. ‏

Hussain, S & Maqsood, MA 2011, Root zone temperature influences nutrient accumulation and use in maize. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43: 1551-1556. ‏

Jafari, M, Baghbani, S, Tavili, A, Chahouki, Z, Malekian, A, & Asadi Pasoojani, N 2011, Comparison of chemical characteristics of shoot, root and litter in three range species of Salsola rigida, Artemisia sieberi and Stipa barbata. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 9: 37-46. ‏

Kjeldahl, JGCT 1883, Neue methode zur bestimmung des stickstoffs in organischen körpern. Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie, 22: 366-382.

Khanavi, M, Hadjiakhoondi, A, Amin, G, Amanzadeh, Y, Rustaiyan, A & Shafiee, A 2004, Comparison of the volatile composition of Stachys persica Gmel. and Stachys byzantina C. Koch. oils obtained by hydrodistillation and steam distillation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 59: 463-467.

Körner, C & Larcher, W 1988, Plant life in cold environments. In: Plants and temperature. Symposium of the Society of Experimental Biologists (Vol. 42, pp. 25-57). ‏

Korner, C. 2016, Plant adaptation to cold climates. F1000Research, 5. ‏

Kováčik, J, Klejdus, B, Bačkor, M & Repčák, M 2007, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and phenolic compounds accumulation in nitrogen-deficient Matricaria chamomilla leaf rosettes. Plant Science, 172: 393-399. ‏

‏Kraus, TEC, Zasoski, RJ & Dahlgren, RA 2004, Fertility and pH effects on polyphenol and condensed tannin concentrations in foliage and roots. Plant and Soil, 262: 95-109.

Ladha, JK, Khind, CS, Gupta, RK, Meelu, OP & Pasuquin, E 2004, Long-term effects of organic inputs on yield and soil fertility in the rice–wheat rotation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68: 845-853.  

Lichtenthaler, HK 1987, [34] Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in enzymology (Vol. 148, pp. 350-382). Academic Press. ‏

Limeneh, DF, Beshir, HM & Mengistu, FG 2020, Nutrient uptake and use efficiency of onion seed yield as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1-19. ‏

Lombin, G & Fayemi, A 1976, Release of exchangeable and non‐exchangeable magnesium from Nigerian soils on cropping with maize or chemical extraction. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 27: 101-108. ‏‏

Maiga, A, Diallo, D, Bye, R & Paulsen, BS 2005, Determination of some toxic and essential metal ions in medicinal and edible plants from Mali. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53: 2316-2321.

Maleki, N, Garjani, A, Nazemiyeh, H, Nilfouroushan, N, Sadat, AE, Allameh, Z & Hasannia, N 2001, Potent anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract from aerial parts of Stachys inflata on rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 75: 213-218.

Manach, C, Scalbert, A, Morand, C, Rémésy, C & Jiménez, L 2004. Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79: 727-747.

Masukasu, H, Karin, O & Kyoto, H 2003, Enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis by sugar in radish (Raphanus sativus) hypocotls. Plant Science, 164: 259-265. ‏

Min, K, Freeman, C, Kang, H, & Choi, SU 2015, The regulation by phenolic compounds of soil organic matter dynamics under a changing environment. BioMed Research Iinternational. ‏

Miroslavov, EA & Kravkina, IM 1991, Comparative analysis of chloroplasts and mitochondria in leaf chlorenchyma from mountain plants grown at different altitudes. Annals of Botany, 68: 195-200. ‏

 Mittler, R 2006, Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends in Plant Science, 11: 15-19. ‏

Mohammadkhani, N & Heidari, R 2007, Effects of drought stress on protective enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in two maize cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10: 3835-3840.

Morteza-Semnani, K, Saeedi, M & Shahani, S 2006, Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of some species of Phlomis and Stachys on sunflower oil. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 2428-2432.

Moural, TW, Lewis, KM, Barnaba, C, Zhu, F, Palmer, NA, Sarath, G, et al 2017, Characterization of class III peroxidases from switchgrass. Plant Physiology, 173: 417-433.

Movludi, A, Ebadi, A, Jahanbakhsh, S, Davari, M & Parmoon, G 2014, The effect of water deficit and nitrogen on the antioxidant enzymes’ activity and quantum yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 42: 398-404.

Mozaffarian, V 2007, A dictionary of Iranian plant names, Farahang Moaser Press, Tehran, 522 p.

Nair, PR, Nair, VD, Kumar, BM, & Showalter, JM 2010, Carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems. Advances in Agronomy, 108:237–307.

Nakano, Y & Asada, K 1981, Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22: 867-880.

Ncube, B, Finnie, JF & Van Staden, J 2012, Quality from the field: the impact of environmental factors as quality determinants in medicinal plants. South African Journal of Botany, 82: 11-20.

Nieto-Jacobo, MF, Steyaert, JM, Salazar-Badillo, FB, Nguyen, DV, Rostás, M, Braithwaite, M, ... & Mendoza-Mendoza, A 2017, Environmental growth conditions of Trichoderma spp. affects indole acetic acid derivatives, volatile organic compounds, and plant growth promotion. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 102. ‏

Noctor, G, De Paepe, R & Foyer, CH 2007, Mitochondrial redox biology and homeostasis in plants. Trends in Plant Science, 12: 125-134. ‏

Nouri, J, Alloway, BJ & Peterson, PJ 2001, The vertical movement of cadmium, nickel and lead through undisturbed cores having a surface amended of sewage sludge. Journal of Biological Sciences,1: 986-988, DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2001.986.988.

Olsen, SR 1954, Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate (No. 939). US Department of Agriculture. ‏22 p.

Olsen, KM, Slimestad, R, Lea, US, Brede, C, Løvdal, T, Ruoff, P, et al. 2009, Temperature and nitrogen effects on regulators and products of the flavonoid pathway: Experimental and kinetic model studies. Plant, Cell & Environment, 32: 286-299.

Omidipour, R, Erfanzadeh, R, Faramarzi, M 2021, Climatic conditions effects on the components of plant diversity in the western Iran grasslands using multiplicative partitioning methods. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19: 1-10

Ordonez, JC, van Bodegom, PM, Witte, JPM, Wright, IJ, Reich, PB & Aerts, R 2009, A global study of relationships between leaf traits, climate and soil measures of nutrient fertility. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 18: 137-149.

Ozcan, M & Akgül, A 1995, Antioxidant activity of extracts and essential oils from Turkish spices on sunflower oil. Acta Alimentaria, 24: 81-90.

Padda, MS & Picha, DH 2008, Effect of low temperature storage on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of sweet potatoes. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 47: 176-180. ‏‏ ‏

Pregitzer, KS, King, JS, Burton, AJ & Brown SE 2000, Responses of tree fine roots to temperature. The New Phytologist, 147: 105-115.

Pregitzer, KS & King, JS 2005, Effects of soil temperature on nutrient uptake. In Nutrient acquisition by plants (pp. 277-310). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. ‏

Raghavendra, AS, Gonugunta, VK, Christmann, A & Grill, E 2010, ABA perception and signalling. Trends in Plant Science, 15: 395-401. ‏

Razmjoo, KH, Heydarizadeh, P & Sabzalian, MR 2008, Effect of Salinity and Drought Stresses on Growth Parameters and Essential Oil Content of Matricaria chamomile. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 10: 4.23-28.

Rechinger, KH 1988, Minuartia L. Flora Iranica, 163: 28-53. ‏

Rechinger, KH & Hedge, IC 1982, Flora Iranica. Akademisch Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, 150: 360-361.‏

Rees, RM, Bingham IJ, Baddeley, JA & Watson, CA 2005, The role of plants and land management in sequestering soil carbon in temperate arable and grassland ecosystems. Geoderma, 128: 130-154.

Rietra, RP, Heinen, M, Dimkpa, CO, & Bindraban, PS 2017, Effects of nutrient antagonism and synergism on yield and fertilizer use efficiency. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 48: 1895-1920. ‏

Rodrigues, PMS, Schaefer, CEGR, de Oliveira Silva, J, Ferreira Júnior, WG, dos Santos, R M, & Neri, AV 2018, The influence of soil on vegetation structure and plant diversity in different tropical savannic and forest habitats. Journal of Plant Ecology, 11: 226-236. ‏

Ruckstuhl, C, Philipona, R, Morland, J & Ohmura, A 2007, Observed relationship between surface specific humidity, integrated water vapor, and longwave downward radiation at different altitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 112 (D3).

Safarkar, R, Bonabi, R, Massiha, AR, Rezaei Nazifi, M, Sotoudeh, R 2017, An evaluation of the inhibitory and synergistic effects of alcoholic extract of stachys byzantina on standard strains under in vitro conditions. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 19: 39-46. ‏

Sampaio, BL, Bara, MTF, Ferri, PH, Santos, SDC, Paula, JRD 2011, Influence of environmental factors on the concentration of phenolic compounds in leaves of Lafoensia pacari. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 21: 1127-1137.

Sautkin, S, Vladimirovna Rogova, T, Adhatovna Shaykhutdinova, G 2021, The use of functional plant leaves traits in the production ecosystem services assessment of grassland communities. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19: 731-738

Sindambiwe, JB, Calomme, M, Cos, P, Totte, J, Pieters, L, Vlietinck, A & Berghe, DV 1999, Screening of seven selected Rwandan medicinal plants for antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65: 71-77. ‏

Singh, B & Schulze, DG 2015, Soil minerals and plant nutrition. Nature Education Knowledge, 6: 1. ‏

Singleton, VL, Orthofer, R & Lamuela-Raventós, RM 1999, Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology, 299: 152-178.

Skaltsa, HD, Demetzos, C, Lazari, D & Sokovic, M 2003, Essential oil analysis and antimicrobial activity of eight Stachys species from Greece. Phytochemistry, 64: 743-752. ‏

Sreedhara, A & Cowan, JA 2002, Structural and catalytic roles for divalent magnesium in nucleic acid biochemistry. Biometals, 15: 211-223. ‏

Stockham, K, Sheard, A, Paimin, R, Buddhadasa, S, Duong, S, Orbell, JD & Murdoch, T 2013, Comparative studies on the antioxidant properties and polyphenolic content of wine from different growing regions and vintages, a pilot study to investigate chemical markers for climate change. Food chemistry, 140: 500-506. ‏

Sun, M, Gao, ZQ, Yang, Z P & He, LH 2012, Absorption and accumulation characteristics of nitrogen in different wheat cultivars under irrigated and dryland conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6: 613. ‏

Taiz, L & Zeiger, E 2004, Giberelinas: Reguladores da altura dos vegetais.  Fisiologia Vegetal, 3: 449-540.

Thomas, GA, Dalal, RC & Standley, J 2007, No-till effects on organic matter, pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient distribution in a Luvisol in the semi-arid subtropics. Soil & Tillage Research, 94: 295–304.

Thygesen, L, Thulin, J, Mortensen, A, Skibsted, LH & Molgaard, P 2007, Antioxidant activity of cichoric acid and alkamides from Echinacea purpurea, alone and in combination. Food chemistry, 101:74-81. ‏

Wakeel, A 2013, Potassium–sodium interactions in soil and plant under saline‐sodic conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 176: 344-354.‏

Walkley, A & Black, IA 1934, An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil science, 37: 29-38. ‏

Wang, SY & Zheng, W 2001, Effect of plant growth temperature on antioxidant capacity in strawberry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49: 4977-4982. ‏

Wheeler, TR, Craufurd, PG, Ellis, RH, Porter, JR & Prasad, PV 2000, Temperature variability and the yield of annual crops. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 82: 159-167.

Xie, X, He, Z, Chen, N, Tang, Z, Wang, Q & Cai Y 2019, The roles of environmental factors in regulation of oxidative stress in plant. BioMed Research International, 2019. ‏

Yordanova, RY, Christov, KN & Popova, LP 2004, Antioxidative enzymes in barley plants subjected to soil flooding. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 51: 93-101.

Zahedzadeh, F, Kakavand, F & Mahna, N 2015, Effects of carbohydrate, light, nitrogen and magnesium on in vitro production of anthocyanin in apple. International Journal of Biosciences, 6: 250-260.

Zargari, A 1990, Medicinal plant. Tehran University Press, Iran, 127-133.

Zhang, SB, Zhang, JL, Slik, JF & Cao, KF 2012, Leaf element concentrations of terrestrial plants across China are influenced by taxonomy and the environment. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21: 809-818. ‏

Zhang, M, An, C, Gao, Y, Leak, RK, Chen, J & Zhang, F 2013, Emerging roles of Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes in neuroprotection. Progress in Neurobiology, 100: 30-47. ‏