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ارزیابی تأثیر قارچهای بذرزاد روی جوانهزنی، سلامت و کیفیت تودههای بذری بومی رازیانه | ||
علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران | ||
مقاله 3، دوره 8، شماره 2، تیر 1400، صفحه 113-130 اصل مقاله (1.61 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/jms.2021.5215 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
نیما خالدی* 1؛ عباس دهشیری2؛ فرشید حسنی2؛ لیلا زارع2 | ||
1موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
2موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
قارچهای بذرزاد میتوانند با تأثیر روی سلامت بذر، منجر به کاهش کیفیت و کمیت محصول شوند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی شاخصهای جوانهزنی و بنیه تودههای بذر بومی رازیانه، جداسازی و شناسایی قارچهای بذرزاد بوده و در ادامه نیز میزان بیماریشد. جدایههای قارچی پس از جداسازی و خالصسازی، بر اساس ویژگیهای ریختشناختی و مولکولی، شناسایی شدند. سپس میزان فعالیت آنزیمهای سلولاز، زایلاناز، پکتیناز و لیپاز بهعنوان اصلیترین فاکتورهای بیماریزایی ترشحشده توسط جدایهها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین، پتانسیل بیماریزایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایهها با آزمون بیماریزایی روی گیاهچه بررسی شد. در مجموع 33 جدایه بر اساس ویژگیهای ریختشناسی و مولکولی که متعلق به گونههای Alternaria alternate و Fusarium oxysporum شناسایی شدند. نتایج آزمون جوانهزنی استاندارد نشان داد که در میان تودههای بومی بذر مورد بررسی، اختلاف معنیداری در شاخصهای جوانهزنی و بنیه وجود دارد. آلودگی بذر به قارچهای بذرزاد بهطور قابلتوجهی روی شاخصهای بنیه و جوانهزنی بذر تأثیر گذاشته و موجب کاهش کیفیت بذر میشوند. نتایج نشان داد که کمترین شاخصهای بنیه و جوانهزنی در توده بذری گلستان و پس از آن بهترتیب در تودههای بذری همدان، زنجان و کردستان مشاهده شد. نتایج آزمون بیماریزایی نشان داد که حدود 85 درصد جدایهها بیماریزا و کم بیماریزا و 15 درصد جدایههای بیماریزا نبودند. همچنین میزان بیماریزایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایههای مختلف گونههای Alternaria و Fusarium متفاوت بود. تجزیه و تحلیل فعالیت آنزیمهای مخرب دیواره سلولی نشان داد که سلولاز و زایلاناز در مقایسه با پکتیناز و لیپاز اهمیت بیشتری در بیماریزایی جدایهها داشته و میزان فعالیت آنزیمها روی میزان بیماریزایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایهها تأثیر داشت. بنابراین، این یافتهها نشان میدهد که میزان فعالیت سلولاز و زایلاناز با میزان تغییرات بیماریزایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایهها روی گیاهچه مرتبط میباشد. این اولین گزارش در مورد شناسایی قارچهای بذرزاد رازیانه در تودههای بذر بومی ایران بههمراه بررسی ارتباط میان میزان بیماریزایی، قدرت تهاجم و فعالیت آنزیمهای مخرب دیواره سلولی تولیدشده توسط جدایهها بود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آنزیمهای مخرب دیواره سلولی؛ بیماریزایی؛ رازیانه؛ زایلاناز؛ سلولاز؛ قدرت تهاجم | ||
مراجع | ||
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