تعداد نشریات | 31 |
تعداد شمارهها | 738 |
تعداد مقالات | 6,944 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 9,889,126 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,704,155 |
Gorgan Bay environmental consequences due to the Caspian Sea rapid water level change | ||
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
مقاله 3، دوره 17، شماره 3، آذر 2019، صفحه 213-226 اصل مقاله (830.31 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cjes.2019.3664 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Homayoun Khoshravan* 1؛ Alireza Naqinezhad2؛ Tahereh Alinejad-Tabrizi3؛ Tamara Yanina4 | ||
1Caspian Sea National Research Center, Water Research Institute, Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran | ||
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
3Environment Research Management Group (EMRIRAN), Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Unit 5, Kaj Building, Shahid Amini Alley, Babol, Iran | ||
4Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia | ||
چکیده | ||
The rapid Caspian Sea level fluctuations have caused unstable conditions for coastal areas during the 20st and 21st centuries, and have led to significant losses for economical and social infrastructure. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of the Caspian Sea level fluctuations on the environment of the Gorgan Bay coasts, which is a large, shallow inlet at the extreme south-east corner of the Caspian Sea. So that, studying required documentations have made it possible to become acquainted with the geographical, geological and environmental conditions of Gorgan Bay. The morphological conditions of coastal lines and diversity of coastal habitats were also assessed in field observations. The geometric structure of coast, their sediment types and the physicochemical properties of soils belonging to coastal habitats were evaluated by determining three transects and nine study sites in the spring and summer 2017. Changes in the coastline of Gorgan Bay were also processed using Land-Sat satellite imagery from 1977, 1995 and 2017. The results exhibited that the environmental vulnerability of the Gorgan Bay coasts depends on the morphological conditions of coastal habitats and alterations in the Caspian Sea level. So that, the plant and animal communities located in the most end of western part of the Gorgan Bay have faced serious challenges during the current century due to the decrease in the Caspian Sea level. Connecting canals between the Bay and Sea will also lose their discharge capacity and the Gorgan Bay will completely be dried up due to this decline. Emergence of large mudflats with sedimentary composition of sandy silt, which has created a very good potential for occurrence of haze, and also replacing the drought ecosystem, instead of the aquatic one, are other environmental events which are expanding vastly in the coastal areas of the Gorgan Bay. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Caspian Sea؛ Coasts؛ Environment؛ Fluctuations؛ Gorgan Bay؛ Morphology | ||
مراجع | ||
Abdollahi-Kakroodi, AA, Kroonenberg, SB, Hoogendoorn, RM, Mohammad Khani, H, Yamani, M, Ghassemi, MR & Lahijani, HAK 2012, Rapid Holocene sea level changes along the Iranian Caspian coast. Quaternary International, 263: 93-103.
Afshin, A 2004, Iranian rivers report, Ministry of Energy, Jamab Company, Internal Report. Vol. 2, 251 p. (In Persian).
Amini, A 2012, Holocene sedimentation rate in Gorgan Bay and adjacent coasts in southeast of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2: 289-297.
Asri, Y, Sharifnia, F & Gholami TT 2007, Plant associations in Miankaleh biosphere reserve, Mazandaran Province (North Iran). Rostaniha, 8: 1-16 (In Persian).
Bashari, L 2014, Hydro geochemical study on Gorgan Bay. Journal of Oceanography, 20: 31-42 (In Persian).
Convention on wetlands of international importance especially as waterfowl habitat, 1975, Ramsar, Iran. 6 p.
Ejtehadi, H, Amini, T & Zare, H 2005, Importance of vegetation studies in conservation of wildlife: a case study in Miankaleh wildlife refuge, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Environmental Sciences, 9: 53-58.
Ejtehadi, H, Amini, T, Kianmehr, H & Assadi, M 2003, Floristical and chorological studies of vegetation in Miankaleh wildlife refuge, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Iranian International Journal of Science, 4: 107-120.
Kazanci, N, Gulbabazadeh, T, AG Leroy, S & Ileri, O 2004, Sedimentary and environmental characteristics of the Guilan – Mazandaran plain, Northern Iran influence of long and short term Caspian water level fluctuations on geomorphology. Journal of Marine System, 46: 145- 148.
Khoshravan, H 2011, Caspian Sea morphodynamic classification. Journal of Earth and Space physics, Institute of Geophysics-University of Tehran, 37: 1-15 (In Persian).
Khoshravan , H, Banihashemi, SM & Shapouri, M 2013, Temporal and spatial variation of sand Dunes, the Caspian Sea. International Journal of Marine Science, 3: 173-177.
Khoshravan, H & Vafai, B 2016, Caspian Sea level fluctuations (past, recent and future). Proceeding of 18th International Marine Industries Conference, Kish Island, Persian Gulf, Iran, pp: 71-79 (In Persian).
Kosarev, AN & Kostianoy, AG 2005, The Caspian Sea environment. Springer Hand book, 270 p.
Kroonenberg, SB, Badyukova, EN, Storms, JEA, Ignatov, EI & Kasimov, NS 2000, A full sea level cycle in 65 years: barrier dynamics along Caspian shores. Sedimentary Geology, 134: 257-274.
Lahijani, H, Haeri Ardakani, O, Sharifi, A & Naderi Beni, A 2010, Sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of Gorgan Bay sediments, Journal of Oceanography, 1: 45- 55 (In Persian).
Nazarali, M, Jandaghi Alaee, M & Pattiaratchi, Ch 2014, Estimation of atmospheric pressure anomaly using Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). 11th International Conference on Coasts, Ports and Marine Structures, Tehran, Iran, 103-107 (In Persian).
Nori-Balanji, M, Nori Balanji, Z, Nori, S & Owfi, F 2012, Evaluating and ecological standard classification of coastal-offshore habitat of the south coast of the Caspian Sea- Mazandaran Province (Nowshahr-Babolsar), using the latest version of the CMECS model based on the SWOT management analysis model and GIS. Proceeding of 14th International Marine Industries Conference, Kish Island, Persian Gulf, Iran: 31-36 (In Persian).
Page, AL, Miller, RH & Keeney, DR 1982, Methods of soil analysis, part 2. chemical and microbiological properties, American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Soil Science of American, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. 26 p.
Port & Maritime Organization 2014, Hydrodynamic study on Gorgan Bay, 240 p. (In Persian).
Saeidi, Sh, Naghinejad, AR & Kazemi-Gorji, Z 2014, Investigation of vegetation changes and diversity of habitats of coastal of Miankaleh biosphere using ecological transects. Journal of Natural Environment (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources), 68: 67-82.
Saeidi Mehrvarz, Sh, Vafi, M & Marcussen, Th 2013, Taxonomic and anatomical notes on Viala (Violaceae) in Iran. Wulfenia, 20: 73-79.
Safaeeyan, N, Shokri, M & Jabarian Amiri, B 2002, Determination of ecological vulnerability of the southern marginal ecosystems of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Environmental Studies, 28: 45-50 (In Persian).
Sharbati, S & Ghanghermeh, A 2015, The forecasting of impacts of the Caspian Sea level decreasing on Gorgan Bay, The Journal of Science and Technology of Environment, 4: 33-45 (In Persian).
Sharifnia, F, Asri, Y & Gholami Terojeni, T 2007, Plant diversity in Miankaleh biosphere reserve (Mazandaran Province) in north of Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 10: 1723-1727.
Shokri, M, Safaeeyan, N, Ahmadi, T & Amiri, BJ 2004, A second look on biogeographical province of Miankaleh biosphere reserve, Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2: 105-117.
Taheri, M, Foshtomi, MY, Noranian, M & Mira, SS 2012, spatial distribution and biodiversity of macrofauna in the southeast of the Caspian Sea, Gorgan Bay in relation to environmental conditions. Ocean Science Journal, 47:113- 122.
Tamartash, R, Rouhi, F & Tatian, M 2009, The comparison of plant species diversity in understory Rhamnus- Punica and grazed area (case study: Miankaleh of Behshahr). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 6: 670-674.
Van Reeuwijk, LP 2002, Procedure for soil analysis, International Soil Reference and Information Center (ISRIC), Wageningen Agriculture University, 119 p.
Vahedi, A & Yasari, E 2011, Diversity of medicinal plants in the biospherical reservation area of Iran (A case study of the protected area of Miankaleh). Journal of American Science, 7: 949-953. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,361 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,106 |