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فراتحلیل رابطه فرم شهر و انرژی: مروری بررویکردها، روش ها، مقیاس ها و متغیرها | ||
دانش شهرسازی | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 3، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 6، خرداد 1398، صفحه 85-107 اصل مقاله (909.7 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/upk.2019.13602.1220 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سعیده شجاع* 1؛ محمد رضا پورجعفر2؛ منوچهر طبیبیان3 | ||
1گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران | ||
2استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
3استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
در سالهای اخیر، با توجه به بحرانهای موجود در زمینه تغییر اقلیم، مصرف انرژی و آلودگیهای زیست محیطی از طریق انتشارات کربن، موضوع رابطه فرم شهری و انرژی در شهرها توجه پژوهشگران زیادی را در رشتههای مختلف به خود جلب کرده است.گستردگی این حوزه ناگزیر منجر به تعدد تفاسیر و انجام پژوهشهای متنوع در خصوص دامنه مشکل و نیز سنجش رابطه بین فرم شهری و انرژی با استفاده از انواع متغیرها و روشها در مقیاسها و رویکردهای مختلف شده است. این مقاله در پی آن است با مرور مطالعات انجام شده درخصوص رابطه فرم شهری و انرژی (119 مقاله)، به مقایسه و تحلیل متغیرها و روشها در مقیاسها و رویکردهای به کار گرفته شده بپردازد. تحلیل مقالاتی که بین سالهای 1974 تا 2019 در این حوزه انتشار یافتهاند، نشان داد مطالعات صورت گرفته عمدتاً در قالب 7 دسته کلی به موضوع "رابطه فرم شهری و انرژی" پرداختهاند: 1- فرم شهری (با تأکید بر بخش ساختمان و یا یکی از شاخصهای مربوطه به ویژه تراکم) و انرژی 2- فرم شهری (با تأکید بر کاربری زمین) و انرژی 3-فرم شهری (با تأکید بر بخش حمل و نقل) و انرژی 4- فرم شهری (ترکیبی از بخش ساختمان و حملونقل) و انرژی 5- فرم شهری و رابطه آن با تغییر اقلیم، جزایر حرارتی، آسایش اقلیمی و پایداری 6- فرم شهری و بارهای حرارتی 7- فرم شهری و مدیریت انرژی، یا برنامه ریزی و سیاستهای انرژی. در نهایت علیرغم متنوع بودن رویکردها، روشها، مقیاسها و متغیرهای استفاده شده، چالشها و فرصتهای مشترک و قابل استنتاج ارائه شده است. نتایج این مقاله حاکی از آن است که موضوع رابطه فرم شهری و انرژی امکان آن را دارد که فراتر از رویکردها، مقیاسها و روشهای تک رشتهای به دیدگاهی یکپارچه و پویا دست یابد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
فرم شهری؛ انرژی؛ متغیرها؛ روشها؛ مقیاسها | ||
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