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بررسی جریان انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در تولید گندم دیم | ||
تحقیقات غلات | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 6، شماره 3، آذر 1395، صفحه 353-366 اصل مقاله (182.29 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسنده | ||
زین العابدین امیدمهر* | ||
عضو هیئت علمی، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سمنان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
مصرف بیرویه انرژی در ایران و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای، خطرهای زیادی برای محیط زیست و سلامت انسان بههمراه دارد. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر سه روش خاکورزی در کشت گندم دیم (شامل کشت رایج، روش کمخاکورزی و کشت مستقیم) بر میزان مصرف انرژی و آلودگی محیط زیست در منطقه کالپوش از توابع استان سمنان بود. جمعآوری دادهها به روش مصاحبه حضوری در 30 مزرعه تولید گندم در سال زراعی 92-1391 انجام شد. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها در سه بخش مصرف نهادهها، انرژی نهادههای مصرفی و تولید گازهای گلخانهای ناشی از انرژی مصرفی و روش خاکورزی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که کل انرژی مصرفی ناشی از کاربرد نهادهها در سه روش کشت بین 18713- 13900 مگاژول بر هکتار متغیر بود. در روش کشت رایج، سوخت بیشترین سهم انرژی ورودی (8/37 درصد) را در مقایسه با سایر نهادهها داشت و کود ازت (5/26 درصد) و بذر (4/17 درصد) در رتبههای بعدی قرار داشتند. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار ظرفیت گرمایش جهانی بهترتیب مربوط به کشت رایج (11713 کیلوگرم معادل CO2 در هکتار) و کشت مستقیم (2721 کیلوگرم معادل CO2 در هکتار) بود. روش کمخاکورزی و کشت مستقیم بهترتیب بیشترین و کمترین میزان عملکرد را داشتند، اما اختلاف عملکرد آنها معنیدار نبود. در مقابل، بیشترین و کمترین میزان بهرهوری اقتصادی بهترتیب مربوط به کشت مستقیم (21/0) و روش رایج (16/0) بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که با استفاده از روشهای خاکورزی حفاظتی (کمخاکورزی و کشت مستقیم)، میتوان مصرف سوخت، انرژی و تولید گازهای گلخانهای را کاهش و بهرهوری انرژی و اقتصادی را افزایش داد، بدون آنکه کاهش معنیداری در عملکرد گندم ایجاد شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بازده انرژی؛ بهرهوری اقتصادی؛ خاکورزی و کاشت؛ ظرفیت گرمایش جهانی | ||
مراجع | ||
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