تعداد نشریات | 31 |
تعداد شمارهها | 748 |
تعداد مقالات | 7,108 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 10,240,791 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,898,337 |
Logistics and pretreatment of forest biomass | ||
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
مقاله 4، دوره 10، شماره 2، تیر 2012، صفحه 169-179 اصل مقاله (249.61 K) | ||
نویسنده | ||
P. Lohmander* | ||
Dept. of Forest Economics, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83 Ume?, Sweden. | ||
چکیده | ||
In large regions of the world, biomass is a very important source of energy. The global bioenergy market based on forest biomass is growing rapidly. About 92 % of the bioenergy in Sweden comes from forests. Biomass from forests is not homogenous. The locations, transport distances, and transport methods, can differ very much and the industries that need biomass as input prefer raw materials with different properties. In general, the economically optimal forest biomass and pretreatment methods have to be determined with consideration of the relevant objective function, constraints and information structure. The aim of this paper is to investigate typical cases and to derive general rules for optimal combinations of forest biomass and pretreatment methods in alternative situations. Mathematical models are defined, representing different versions of the forest biomass logistics, upgrading and pretreatment optimization problems. General rules of optimal decisions, based on these models, are derived and suggestions for future research and applications are given. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Forest؛ Biomass؛ Bioenergy؛ Pretreatment؛ Upgrading؛ Logistics | ||
مراجع | ||
Ahring, B.K., Westermann, P. (2007) Coproduction of bioethanol with other biofuels, Adv Biochem Engin/Biotechnol (2007) 108: 289-302
Borgman, T. (2011) Global skogsbränslemarknad växer snabbt, Skogsaktuellt, Nr 10, November 9 Freepatentsonline (2009) Process for producing fuel pellets, http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2009/0223119.html
Goltsev, V., Tolonen, T., Syunev, V., Dahlin, B., Gerasimov, Y. (2011)
Logistics and pretreatment of forest biomass178Wood harvesting and logistics in Russia – focus on research and business opportunities, Finnish Forest Research Institute, METLA, Working Paper 210, ISBN 978-951-40-2322-4 (pdf), ISBN 978-951-40-2347-4 (paperback), ISSN 1795-150X, http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2011/mwp210.htm
Gyllin, P. (2011) Nya rekord för bioenergianvändningen, Skogsaktuellt, Nr 10, November 9 IEA (2011) International Energy Agency, Key World Energy Statistics, http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2011/key_world_energy_stats.pdf
Kumar, D., Murthy, G.S. (2011) Impact of pretreatment and downstream processing technologies on economics and energy in cellulosic ethanol production, Biotechnology for Biofuels, 4:27
Lohmander, P. (2007) Adaptive Optimization of Forest Management in a Stochastic World, in Weintraub A. et al (Editors), Handbook of Operations Research in Natural Resources, Springer, Springer Science, International Series in Operations Research and Management Science, New York, USA, pp 525-544
Lohmander, P., Mohammadi, S. (2008) Optimal Continuous Cover Forest Management in an Uneven-Aged Forest in the North of Iran, Journal of Applied Sciences 8(11)
Lynd, L.R., Elander, R.T., Wyman, C.E. (1996) Likely features and costs of mature biomass ethanol technology, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 57/58
Mosier, N., Wyman, C., Dale, B., Elander, R., Lee, Y.Y., Holtzapple, M., Ladish, M. (2005) Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, Bioresources Technology 96, 673-686 SVEBIO (2011)
Swedish Bioenergy Association, http://www.svebio.se/english/bioenergy-facts Swedish Biofuels (2011) http://www.swedishbiofuels.se/products/ Swedish Forest Agency (2011) http://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/en/
Wyman, C.E., Dale, B.E., Elander, R.T., Holtzapple, M.T., Ladisch, M.R., Lee, Y.Y., Mitchinson, C., Saddler, J.N. (2007) Pretreatment: The key to unlocking low cost cellulosic ethanol, Power Point Presentation, Cellulosic Ethanol Forum and Technology Roundtable, AQMD Headquarters, Diamond Bar, California, USA, February 15. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,965 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,299 |