تعداد نشریات | 31 |
تعداد شمارهها | 738 |
تعداد مقالات | 6,944 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 9,889,313 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,704,332 |
Effects of pre-harvest application of parquat on grain moisture reduction, grain yield and quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars | ||
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
مقاله 12، دوره 10، شماره 1، فروردین 2012، صفحه 75-82 اصل مقاله (230.09 K) | ||
نویسنده | ||
M Esfahani* | ||
Agronomy & Plant Breeding Dept., University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
چکیده | ||
Pre-harvest desiccation of rapeseed crop may allow a more timely harvest as well as increase the speed and harvest operation efficiency as a second crop after rice. An effective desiccant which could be used as a harvest-aid with no negative effects on rapeseed yield and quality would be advantageous for oil seed crop producers and may reduce yield losses with no interferential effects on rice cultivation. Field experiment s were carried out in a split plot design at Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in the 2004-2005 cropping season. Paraquat was applied to Hyola308, Hyola401, Hyola420 and RGS003 rapeseed cultivars as main plots at the rates of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 lit. based on 20% ai.ha-1 and a non-treated plot (sub-plot) was used as a control. Paraquat treatments were applied based on grain moisture content of 40% to one third of bottom siliques of inflorescence on the main stem in late April to late May. Results showed that the effect of paraquat application was significant on grain moisture reduction rate, grain yield and oil content. Paraquat at 0.8 lit.ha-1 promoted daily grain moisture reduction (2.94% day-1) compared to the control (1.75% day-1) and harvest time (5-7 days earlier than control) with no adverse effects on grain yield and oil content. Grain yield of treated plants were the same or higher than the control. The highest grain yield was obtained with 0.4 lit.ha-1 paraquat (2370 kg.ha-1 in Hyola420 vs. the control; 2159 kg.ha-1). Results also showed that paraquat application had no adverse effect on oil content and fatty acids profile. Oileic acid content in Hyola308 at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 lit.ha-1 of paraquat and the control were 64.93, 64.22, 64.25 and 65%, respectively. Mean residues of paraquat in the grains for the medium to low application rates were 5.62 and 2.61 mg.kg-1, respectively and all of its rates were lower than the toxicity threshold. It can be concluded that paraquat in reduced doses, can be used as a proper desiccant in rapeseed cultivation. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Chemical desiccation؛ Grain yield؛ Harvest؛ Oil content؛ Paraquat and Rapeseed | ||
مراجع | ||
Akinloye, O., Adamson, I., Ademuyiwa, O. and Arowolo T. (2011) Paraquat toxicity and its mode of action in some commonly consumed vegetables in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Inter. J. Plant Physiol. Biochemistry. 3, 75-82.
Bennett, A.C. and Shaw, D.R. (2000) Effect of pre-harvest desiccants on group IV Glycine max seed viability. Weed Sci. 48, 426-430.
Bond, J.A. and Bollich, P.K.( 2007) Effects of pre-harvest desiccants on rice yield and quality. Crops Protect. 26, 490-494.
Cerkauskas, R.F., Dhingra, O.D., Sinclair, J. B. and Foor, S.R. (1982) Effect of three desiccant herbicides on soybean (Glycine max) seed quality.Weed Sci. 30, 484-490.
Cessna, A.J., Darwent, A.L., Townley-Smith, L., Harker, K.N. and Kirkland, K.J. (2000) Residues of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in canola seed following pre-harvest applications. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80, 425-431.
Cole, A.W. and Cerdeira, A.L. (1982) Southern pea response to glyphosate desiccation. Hortic. Sci. 17, 244-246.
Darwent, A.L., Kirkland, K.J., Townley-Smith, L., Harker, K.N. and Cessna, A.J. (2000) Effect of pre-harvest applications of glyphosate on the drying, yield and quality of canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80, 433-439.
Eastin, E.F. (1978) Pre-harvest desiccation of rice with paraquat. Crop Sci. 18, 1068-1070. Eastin, E.F. (1980) Preharvest desiccants for rice. Crop Sci. 20, 389-391.
Ecobichon, D. (2001) Toxic effects of pesticides. In: Klaas-sen CD (Ed.) Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology, 6thEd. New York: McGraw-Hill. 763–810.
Ellis, J.M., Shaw, D.R. and Barrentine, W.L. (1998) Herbicide combinations for preharvest weed desiccation in early maturing soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 12, 157-165.
Flengmark, P. (1983) Methods of harvesting spring oilseed rape. Proc. of the Sixth International rapeseed Congress. Paris, France. Griffin, L. and Boudreaux, J. (2011) Application timing of harvest aid herbicides affects soybean harvest and yield. Weed Technol. 25, 38-43.
Jenks, B., Lukach, J. and. Menalled, F. (2007) Effect of paraquat and diquat applied preharvest on canola yield and seed quality. http//www.ag.ndsu.edu/nc-canola/2006 Progress Jenks Paraquat. pdf.
Lock, E. and Wilks, M. (2001) Paraquat. In: Krieger R (Ed.) Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, 2th Ed., San Diego: Academic Press. 1559-1604.
Marchiori, J. (2002) Quality and yield of canola (Brassica napus) seeds after pre-harvest desiccant application. Planta Daninha. 20, 253-261.
Monks, D. and Sanders, D. (2004) Harvest aids and pre harvest desiccants. Collage of Agriculture and Life Sciences. NC State University. 65.
Ratnayake, S. and Shaw, D.R. (1992) Effects of harvest-aid herbicides on soybean (Glycine max) seed yield and quality. Weed Technol. 6, 339-344.
Ross, M. and Lembi, C. (1998) Applied Weed Science. 2th Ed. Prentice Hall. 452 pages. SAS Institute. (2002) The SAS system for Windows. Cary, NC. USA.
Sims, R.E.H. (1983) Comparison of harvesting techniques to maximize the yield of rapeseed. Acts Du Congress Inter.
Sur. Le Colza, Paris, France. Stahlman, P., Howat, K., Jenks, B. and Moechnig, M. (2010) Saflufenacil- A new preharvest desiccant of sunflower. Australian Summer Grains Conference .22-24 June 2010.
Vaughan, K. (2003) Photosystem I energy diverters, pages 1223-1227 In: Plimmer, J.R., Gammon, D.W. and Ragsdale, N.N. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Agrochemicals (Vol. III), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken New Jersey, USA. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,448 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,525 |