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An Overview of Potential Ecotourism Resources and Their Prospects in Valley of Flowers National Park, Uttaranchal, India | ||
| Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 9، شماره 1، فروردین 2011، صفحه 105-110 اصل مقاله (345.92 K) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| G.B.G. Pananjay1؛ K. Tiwari* 2؛ G.B.G. Shashi2؛ Keyvan Tiwari3؛ S.C. Tiwari3 | ||
| 1Department of Natural Resource Management, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia. | ||
| 2Department of Tourism, Amity University, Noida, India. | ||
| 3Department of Botany and Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, India | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Protected areas are major tourism assets for a nation, particularly for developing countries providing sustainable benefit to the local community while funding for the maintenance and rehabilitation of the protected areas themselves. Valley of flowers national park is naturally meant for the conservation and study of western Himalayan flora. It became National park in 1982 and after that livestock grazing ceased and restrictions were imposed on nearby villagers. The valley has an unusually rich flora of over 600 Himalayan species growing in an area of less than 2500 hectares with many rarities. Animals found are nationally rare or endangered. It is also a habitat of endangered Asiatic black beer, brown bear, Himalayan musk deer and snow leopard, blue sheep are rare. The common leopard is reported from lower parts of valley closer to the villages. Local people have also reported evidence of Himalayan brown bear. Other factors that are contributing to ecotourism are beautiful landscapes, peaks, lakes and tarns etc. Because of the heavy influx of tourists and improper management practices the problem of solid waste in increasing at an alarming rate. This paper is an overview of the present ecotourism resources of the area and their future prospects for sustainable ecotourism. REFERENCES Agrusa, J. and Guidry, J. (1999). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development of the Maya Rain Forest in Central America / First Pan-American Conference Proceedings. Boo, E. (1990). Ecotourism: The Potentials and Pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund: Washington DC. Cater, E. (1993). Ecotourism in the Third World: Problems for Sustainable Tourism Development. Tourism Management, 14: 107-115. Himberg, N. (2006). Community-based Ecotourism as a Sustainable Development Option in the Taita Hills, Kenya. MSc. Dissertation. University of Helsinki. Inskeep, E. (1991). Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York. Lamba, B. (1987). Status survey report of fauna. Nanda Devi National Park. Records of the Zoological survey of India. Occasional Paper No. 103, 50 p. Lavkumar, K. (1977). Report on the preliminary survey of the Nanda Devi basin. WWF-India, Bombay, 27 p. Mogal, Z and Agrusa, J. (1997). The Potential to Develop the State of Mississippi into an Ecotourism Destination. Published proceedings "Graduate Education and Graduate Students Research in Hospitality and Tourism," pp.189-198. Sherman, P.B and Dizon, J.A. (1991). "Nature Tourism: Determining if it pays." In T. Wheland (ed.), Ecotourism. Covelo, CA: Island Press. Srivastava, S. (1999). Management plan for the valley of flowers national park. Wildlife Preservation Organization, Uttar Pradesh. UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Center (2005). Under World Heritage sites Nanda Devi and Valley of flowers national Parks, Uttaranchal India. Ziegler, C.G. ; Lamatsch, D.K. ; Steinlein, C. ; Engel, W. ; Schartl, M. and Schmid, M. (2003) The giant B chromosome of the cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus harbours a retrotransposon-derived repetitive DNA sequence. Chromosome Res. 11: 23-35. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Ecotourism؛ Fauna؛ Flora؛ Glaciers؛ National Park؛ Solid Waste؛ Valley of Flowers | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Agrusa, J. and Guidry, J. (1999). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development of the Maya Rain Forest in Central America / First Pan-American Conference Proceedings.
Boo, E. (1990). Ecotourism: The Potentials and Pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund: Washington, D.C. Cater, E. (1993). Ecotourism in the Third World: Problems for Sustainable Tourism Development. Tourism Management, pp. 14, 2, 107-115.
Himberg, N. (2006). Community-based Ecotourism as a Sustainable Development Option in the Taita Hills, Kenya. Master ́ s thesis. University of Helsinki Inskeep,
E. (1991). Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York.
Lamba, B. (1987). Status survey report of fauna. Nanda Devi National Park. Records of the Zoological survey of India. Occasional Paper No. 103. pp. 50.
Lavkumar, K. (1977). Report on the preliminary survey of the Nanda Devi basin. WWF-India, Bombay. pp. 27.
Mogal, Z and Agrusa, J. (1997). The Potential to Develop the State of Mississippi into an Ecotourism Destination. Published proceedings "Graduate Education and Graduate Students Research in Hospitality and Tourism," pp.189-198.
Sherman, P.B and Dizon, J.A. (1991). "Nature Tourism: Determining if it pays." In T. Wheland (ed.), Ecotourism. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
Srivastava, S. (1999). Management plan for the valley of flowers national park. Wildlife Preservation Organization, Uttar Pradesh. UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Center (2005). Under World Heritage sites Nanda Devi and Valley of flowers national Parks, Uttaranchal India.
Ziegler, C.G. ; Lamatsch, D.K. ; Steinlein, C. ; Engel, W. ; Schartl, M. and Schmid, M. (2003) The giant B chromosome of the cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus harbours a retrotransposon-derived repetitive DNA sequence. Chromosome Res. 11: 23-35. | ||
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