| تعداد نشریات | 33 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 883 |
| تعداد مقالات | 8,609 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 54,619,520 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 10,200,189 |
تبیین چارچوب حمایت از حقوق کودکان در ورزش: تحلیل مضمون دیدگاههای خبرگان | ||
| مدیریت و توسعه ورزش | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 08 مهر 1405 اصل مقاله (1.19 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license I Open Access I | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/jsmd.2026.34691.3092 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شیدا امینی* 1؛ فاطمه عبدوی2؛ امیر ساعد وکیل3؛ محمد رسول خدادادی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزش، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیتبدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2استاد مدیریت ورزش، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیتبدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار حقوق، گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار مدیریت ورزش، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیتبدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی و تبیین ابعاد و مؤلفههای تشکیلدهنده یک چارچوب جامع برای حمایت از حقوق کودکان در ورزش بر اساس دیدگاههای خبرگان بود. روششناسی: پژوهش کیفی حاضر به روش تحلیل مضمون با رویکرد شش مرحلهای براون و کلارک (2006) انجام شد. دادهها از طریق مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته با ۱۳ نفر از اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاهها، متخصصان مدیریت ورزش، وکلا و کارشناسان رسمی قوه قضاییه، گردآوری شد. مشارکتکنندگان با استفاده از نمونهگیری ملاکمدار و گلولهبرفی انتخاب شدند. دادهها پس از پیادهسازی و کدگذاری، با استفاده از نرمافزارMAXQDA2020 تحلیل شدند. یافتهها: بر اساس تحلیل دادهها ۸۹۰ کد اولیه، ۳۲ مضمون فرعی و ۷ مضمون اصلی شناسایی شد. چارچوب حمایت از حقوق کودکان در ورزش بر هفت مضمون اصلی شامل قانونگذاری، سیاستگذاری، شناسایی آسیبها و عوامل خطر، فرهنگی و اجتماعی، آموزش و پیشگیری اولیه، حفاظت و مشارکت استوار بود. این مضامین، ابعاد بههمپیوسته چارچوب حمایت از حقوق کودکان را تشکیل میدهند. نتیجهگیری: حمایت از حقوق کودکان در ورزش پدیدهای چندبعدی است و تحقق آن نیازمند گذار از رویکرد واکنشی به رویکردی حقوقمحور، پیشگیرانه و کودکمحور است. چارچوب حاصل نشان میدهد حمایت مؤثر زمانی تحقق مییابد که قانونگذاری و سیاستگذاری، آموزش و پیشگیری اولیه، حفاظت، فرهنگسازی و مشارکت کودک در قالب یک نظام منسجم و قابل اجرا به یکدیگر پیوند یابند. در این چارچوب، کودک دارنده حق و مشارکتکننده فعال در محیط ورزشی است و حمایت از او باید در تمامی سطوح و مراحل فعالیت ورزشی نهادینه شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| حقوق کودک؛ ورزش کودکان؛ حمایت از حقوق کودک؛ حفاظت از کودک؛ مشارکت کودک | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Afroozeh, M.S., & Abrari fard, F. (2026). Challenges and Facilitators of Sports Participation for Children with Disabilities: A Qualitative Study from the Parents' Perspective. (e5046). Research on Educational Sport, In Press. [https://doi.org/10.22089/res.2026.19089.2739] [In Persian] Agergaard, S., Redelius, K., & Strandbu, Å. (2024). Children’s Rights to and in Sport: A Comparative Analysis of Organizational Policies in the Scandinavian Countries. Social Sciences, 13(4), 216. [https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13040216] Aine, A., Muhonen, J., & Toivonen, V. (2022). Children’s right to play sports in a safe and healthy environment. The International Sports Law Journal, 22(2), 93-104. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s40318-022-00217-2] Aina, O., McGillivray, D., Carnicelli, S., & McPherson, G. (2021). Embedding child rights principles and practises in mega sport event planning. Frontiers in sports and active living, 3, 695666. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.695666] Al Kuwari, B. M., & Van Bueren, G. (2021). A Call for implementing minimum age condition to protect young athletes ‘human rights. QScience Connect, 2, 4. [https://doi.org/10.5339/connect.2021.spt.4] Amini, Sh., Bashiri, M., & Azadan, M. (2025). Content Analysis of Judicial Documents of Sports Incidents in East Azarbaijan Province. Journal of Sport Management and Development, 14(3), 27-48. [https://doi.org/10.22124/JSMD.2024.25797.2863] [In Persian] Bopagamge, A. N. (2026). Safeguarding Children’s Rights in the Digital Age: A Comparative Study of Sri Lanka, the EU, and the USA. Sri Lanka Journal of Development Administration, 8(1), 150-173. [https://doi.org/10.4038/sljda.v8i1.7167] Brackenridge, C. H., & Rhind, D. (2014). Child protection in sport: Reflections on thirty years of science and activism. Social Sciences, 3(3), 326-340. [https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci3030326] Bragagnolo, W., & Lezama, Y. (2025). Unveiling sextortion in sport: a global inquiry into the nexus of sexual violence, abuse of power, and corruption for enhanced safeguarding. Crime, Law and Social Change, 83(1), 13. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-024-10185-3] Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. [https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa] Donnelly, P. (2023). Child labour in high performance and professional sport: The struggle for children’s rights. Annals of Leisure Research, 1-20. [https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2023.2232056] Dowling, F. (2026). Children’s rights discourses in sport: serving the rights of children and/or upholding the values of sport? Sport, Education and Society, 31(4), 523-537. [https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2024.2434052] Eliasson, I. (2017). The gap between formalised children’s rights and children’s real lives in sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 52(4), 470-496. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690215608] Eliasson, I., Karp, S., & Wickman, K. (2017). Developing sports with a children’s rights perspective? Intentions, methods, and priorities of development projects in local Swedish sports clubs. European Journal for Sport and Society, 14(3), 244-264. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2017.1349056] Ellingsen, J. E., & Danielsen, A. G. (2017). Norwegian children’s rights in sport and coaches’ understanding of talent. The International Journal of Children's Rights, 25(2), 412-437. [https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02502006] Ershad, A., Aziziani, M., & Mahmoudi, A . (2023). Identifying Effective Factors in the Development of Sports and Physical Activity in Children (A Contextual Approach). Sport Management Journal, 15(3), 194-175. [https://doi.org/10.22059/jsm.2022.330967.2821] [In Persian] Everley, S. (2022). Listening to children's voices in UK sports clubs: A Foucauldian analysis. Child Abuse Review, 31(4), e2753. [https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2753] Everley, S. (2020). The Child Protection in Sport Unit–Supporting national governing bodies in hearing the voices of children: An evaluation of current practice. Child Abuse Review, 29(2), 114-129. [https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2615] Everley, S. (2025). ‘Where’are the children in Safeguarding Policies of Sport? An analysis of national and international discourses in policy documentation. Child Abuse Review, 34(2), e70027. [https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70027] Ghaderpour, E., Mirsoleymani, M.H., & Naderian, M. (2021). The Impact of Mass Media on the Development of Awareness of Sports Law in the Field of Sports Civil Liability. Contemporary Studies on Sport Management, 11(21), 1-15. [https://doi.org/10.22084/smms.2020.19022.2382] [In Persian] Gholipor, M., Ahmadi, S., & Khaksari, G. (2025). Analysis of the role of the media in the development of moral legitimacy in Iran's sports legal system. Communication Management in Sport Media, 12(4), 37-54. [https://doi.org/10.30473/jsm.2024.68238.1769] [In Persian] Gomez, C., & Schoch, L. (2025). Safeguarding in Sport: The Performative Compliance of International Sports Federations. Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS), 10(2), 014. [https://doi.org/10.36950/2025.2ciss014] Güler, D., Güler, Y., Cengiz, C., Tuncel, S., & Karayiğit, R. (2024). Investigating Child Abuse in Sports: An Ecological Systems Perspective. Children, 11(12), 1487. [https://doi.org/10.3390/children11121487] Hartill, M., Rulofs, B., Allroggen, M., Demarbaix, S., Diketmüller, R., Lang, M., Martin, M., Nanu, I., Sage, D., Stativa, E., Kampen, J., & Vertommen, T. (2023). Prevalence of interpersonal violence against children in sport in six European countries. Child Abuse & Neglect, 146, 106513. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106513] Jafari, A., & Derakhshan, H. (2023). Legal Liability of Sports Coaches Within The Framework Of The Rules of The International Court of Arbitration For Sport. Strategic Studies on Youth and Sports, 22(60), 85-106. [https://doi.org/10.22034/ssys.2022.1939.2375] [In Persian] Kerr, G. (2022). Gender-based violence in children’s sport (p. 171). Taylor & Francis. [https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003035138] Kerr, G., Kidd, B., & Donnelly, P. (2020). One step forward, two steps back: The struggle for child protection in Canadian sport. Social Sciences, 9(5), 68. [https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050068] Kisakye, E.T., Chatziefstathiou, D., & Tuakli-Wosornu, Y.A. (2023). Breaking the Silence: Perceived Barriers to Safeguarding Child and Young Athletes in Uganda and a Rights-Based Framework for Positive Change. Social Sciences, 12(11), 588. [https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12110588] Kraljić, S. (2026). Safeguarding Children’s Rights in Sport: From Legal Standards to Everyday Practice. In S. Kraljić & C. M. Mensah (Eds.), Sports and Law: Finding a Balance Between the Game and the Rules (pp. 35-56). University of Maribor Press. [https://doi.org/10.18690/um.pf.1.2026.2] Küçükalpelli, F. (2025). Child Protection Program in Sports. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation, 7(4), 800-807. [https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1810649] Lang, M. (2022). Advancing children’s rights in sport: Coaching, childhood agency and the participatory agenda. Sports Coaching Review, 11(1), 41-63. [https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2021.1990655] Lee Ludvigsen, J.A., & Byrne, S. (2025). Towards a children’s rights-based approach to EU sports policy: further room for development? Sport in Society, 1–17. [https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2025.2457089] Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications. [Link] MacPherson, E., Battaglia, A., Kerr, G., Wensel, S., McGee, S., Milne, A., Principe, F., & Willson, E. (2022). Evaluation of Publicly Accessible Child Protection in Sport Education and Reporting Initiatives. Social Sciences, 11(7), 310. [https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11070310] Makhadmeh, N.M., & Khwaileh, K.M. (2025). A Comprehensive Analysis of Children’s Rights in Jordanian Youth Sports: Aligning with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. An-Najah University Journal for Law and Economics, 2(1). [https://doi.org/10.35552/anujrle.2.1.2517] McHugh, M.L. (2012). Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276-282. [https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2012.031] Mohammadi, A. (2024). Children's rights to exercise in a safe and healthy environment. The new national conference of the first research in sport law, Tehran, Iran. [Link] [In Persian] Mohammadvali, A., & Shafiee, M.S. (2025). Sports law of children with a view on domestic laws, documents and international treaties Subject Areas. Comparative Research Journal Dadpishgan, 7(7), 1-14. [Link] [In Persian] Mountjoy, M., Rhind, D.J., Tiivas, A., & Leglise, M. (2015). Safeguarding the child athlete in sport: a review, a framework and recommendations for the IOC youth athlete development model. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(13), 883-886. [https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094619] Pavlogiannis, G., Eliasson, I., & Söderström, T. (2024). Exploring the Landscape of Children’s Rights in Sports: A Scoping Review of Research Topics and Approaches in Social Sciences. YOUNG, 0(0). [https://doi.org/10.1177/11033088241226556] Rhind, D.J., & Owusu-Sekyere, F. (2020). Evaluating the impacts of working towards the International Safeguards for Children in Sport. Sport Management Review, 23(1), 104-116. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.05.009] Soori, A., Hematinejad, M.A., & Benar, N. (2023). Designing the pattern for legal development of Iranian sports. Journal of Sport Management and Development, 12(2), 29-53. [https://doi.org/10.22124/JSMD.2023.6709] [In Persian] Talebpoor, M., & Shajie, K. (2020). An Analysis of the Status of Awareness of Legal Responsibilities in Sport. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, 12(3), 41-57. [Link] [In Persian] Todres, J., & Kilkelly, U. (2025). Sport as a space for human rights education and children’s rights. Human Rights Education Review, 8(1), 171–182. [https://doi.org/10.1080/25355406.2024.2426870] Turkeri-Bozkurt, H., & Bulgu, N. (2020). Is injury part of sports? A children’s rights perspective. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(1), 98-114. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690218778536] Tuakli-Wosornu, Y.A., & Kirby, S.L. (2022). Safeguarding reimagined: Centering athletes’ rights and repositioning para sport to chart a new path. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 815038. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.815038] Tuakli-Wosornu, Y.A., Kirby, S.L., Tivas, A., & Rhind, D. (2023). The journey to reporting child protection violations in sport: Stakeholder perspectives. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 907247. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.907247] Wilson, A.L., & Rhind, D.J. (2022). Tracking progress towards the international safeguards for children in sport. Social Sciences, 11(8), 322. [https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11080322] Wensel, S., Kerr, G., & MacPherson, E. (2025). Advancing Our Understanding of Child Maltreatment and Safeguarding: Implications for Sport and Dance. In Child Abuse in Sport: Critical Perspectives (pp. 49-70). Emerald Publishing Limited. [https://doi.org/10.1108/S1476-285420250000025004] Woessner, M.N., Pankowiak, A., Kavanagh, E., Parent, S., Vertommen, T., Eime, R., ... & Parker, A.G. (2024). Telling adults about it: children’s experience of disclosing interpersonal violence in community sport. Sport in Society, 27(5), 661-680. [https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2023.2268555] Yelamos, G.M., Carney, S., Carty, C., & MacLachlan, M. (2021). A thematic analysis of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) State Party reporting mechanisms related to physical education, physical activity and sport. The International Journal of Children's Rights, 29(3), 765-794. [https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-29030011] Yilmaz, S., Esson, J., Darby, P., Drywood, E., & Mason, C. (2020). Children’s rights and the regulations on the transfer of young players in football. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(1), 115-124. [https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690218786665]
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 11 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2 |
||