Abdel-Ghany, H. M., Salem, M. E. S. 2020. Effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on farmed fish. A review. Reviews in Aquaculture 12: 438-452.

Adel, A., Khara, H. 2016. The effects of different dietary vitamin C and iron levels on the growth, hematological and immunological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 15: 886-897.

Alishahi, A., Mirvaghefi, A., Tehrani, M. R., Farahmand, H., Koshio, S., Dorkoosh, F. A., Elsabee, M. Z. 2011. Chitosan nanoparticle to carry vitamin C through the gastrointestinal tract and induce the non-specific immune system of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Carbohydrate Polymers 86: 142-146.

AOAC. 2023. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. Oxford University Press.

Asaikkutti, A., Vimala, K., Jha, N., Bhavan, P.S., Arul, V. 2023. Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth, immune-physiological parameters, and resistance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to Vibrio harveyi challenge. Animal Feed Science and Technology 305: 115764.

Bhattacharjee, S. 2016. DLS and zeta potential – What they are and what they are not? Journal of Controlled Release 235: 337-351.

Carvalho, P.L.P.F., Almeida, P.H.V., Xavier, W.D.S., Vicente, I.S.T., Guimarães, M.G., Rodrigues, E.J.D., Ito, P. I., Pezzato, L. E., Barros, M. M. 2021. Vitamin C supplementation improves growth performance and caudal fin regeneration in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Aquaculture Nutrition 27: 115-123.

Chang, P. K., Tsai, M. F., Huang, C. Y., Lee, C.L., Lin, C., Shieh, C.J., Kuo, C.H. 2021. Chitosan-based anti-oxidation delivery nano-platform: Applications in the encapsulation of DHA-enriched fish oil. Marine Drugs 19: 470.

Darias, M.J., Mazurais, D., Koumoundouros, G., Le Gall, M.M., Huelvan, C., Desbruyeres, E., Quazuguel, P., Cahu, C.L., Zambonino-Infante, J.L. 2011. Imbalanced dietary ascorbic acid alters molecular pathways involved in skeletogenesis of developing European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 159A: 46-55.

Dawood, M.A.O., Koshio, S., Esteban, M.Á. 2018. Beneficial roles of feed additives as immunostimulants in aquaculture. A review. Reviews in Aquaculture 10: 950-974.

Elnagar, M.A., Khalil, R.H., Talaat, T.S., Sherif, A.H. 2024. A blend of chitosan-vitamin C and vitamin E nanoparticles robust the immunosuppressed status in Nile tilapia treated with salt. BMC Veterinary Research 20: 331.

Faccenda, F., Ciani, E., Rossi, L., Vale-Pereira, G., Secci, G., Dias, J., Conceição, L.E.C. 2026. Practical aquafeeds incorporating insect and algae meals achieve quality and growth standards comparable to traditional feeds in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Animals 16: 1000. DOI: 10.3390/ani16071000.

Falahatkar, B., Lotfi, A., Safarpour Amlashi, A., Allaf Noveirian, H., Efatpanah, I. 2016. Growth performance, carcass composition, hematological and biochemical indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles fed diet containing different levels of vitamin premix. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 3: 53-64. DOI: 10.7508/iji.2016.01.006.

Fracalossi, D.M., Allen, M.E., Nichols, D.K., Oftedal, O.T. 1998. Oscars, Astronotus ocellatus, have a dietary requirement for vitamin C. The Journal of Nutrition 128: 1745-1751. DOI: 10.1093/jn/128.10.1745.

Hernandez, A.J., Roman, D. 2016. Phosphorus and nitrogen utilization efficiency in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed diets with lupin Lupinus albus or soybean (Glycine max) meals as partial replacements to fish meal. Czech Journal of Animal Science 61: 67-74.

Hossam-Elden, N., Abu-Elala, N.M., AbuBakr, H.O., Luo, Z., Aljuaydi, S.H., Khattab, M., Ali, S.E., Marzouk, M.S., Teiba, I.I. 2024. Dietary chitosan nanoparticles enhance growth, antioxidant defenses, immunity, and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fishes 9: 388. DOI: 10.3390/fishes9100388

Huang, M., Yang, X., Zhou, Y., Ge, J., Davis, D.A., Dong, Y., Gao, Q., Dong, S. 2021. Growth, serum biochemical parameters, salinity tolerance and antioxidant enzyme activity of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in response to dietary taurine levels. Marine Life Science & Technology 3: 449-462.

Ibrahim, R.E., Amer, S.A., Farroh, K.Y., Al-Gabri, N.A., Ahmed, A. I., El-Araby, D.A., Ahmed, S.A.A. 2021. The effects of chitosan-vitamin C nanocomposite supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Aquaculture 534: 736269.

Jalili, R., Tukmechi, A., Agh, N., Noori, F., Ghasemi, A. 2013. Replacement of dietary fish meal with plant sources in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: effect on growth performance, immune responses, blood indices and disease resistance. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12: 577-591.

Jiang, J.K., Wang, J.Y., Zhang, L.M., Liu, X.D., Feng, D.Z., Jiang, K.J. and Zhang, D.R. 2012. Effects of dietary chitosan on growth performance, body composition and non-specific immunity of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 43: 729-734.

Kim, J.H., Hwang, I.J., Park, J.W., Cho, J.H. 2023. Effects of stocking density on the growth, body composition, stress, antioxidant status, and immune responses of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56: 79-88. DOI: 10.5657/KFAS.2023.0079

Lee, K.W., Yoo, H.K., Kim, S.S., Han, G.S., Jung, M.M., Kim, H.S. 2024. Effect of dietary vitamin C supplementation on growth performance and biochemical parameters in grower walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus. Animals 14:  article 1026. DOI: 10.3390/ani14071026.

Murdock, R.C., Braydich-Stolle, L., Schrand, A.M., Schlager, J. J., Hussain, S.M. 2008. Characterization of nanomaterial dispersion in solution before in vitro exposure using dynamic light scattering technique. Toxicological Sciences 101: 239-253.

Nasar, M.F., Shah, S.Z.H., Aftab, K., Fatima, M., Bilal, M. and Hussain, M. 2021. Dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its effects on growth attributes, organ indices, whole-body composition and biochemical parameters. Aquaculture Nutrition 27: 1903-1911. DOI: 10.1111/anu.13327.

National Research Council (NRC). 2011. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. Washington, DC. The National Academies Press.

Naylor, R.L., Hardy, R.W., Buschmann, A.H., Bush, S.R., Cao, L., Klinger, D.H., Little, D.C., Lubchenco, J., Shumway, S. E., Troell, M. 2021. A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature 591: 551-563.

Newbury, D.E., Ritchie, N.W.M. 2013. Is scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) quantitative? Scanning 35: 141-168.

Overturf, K., Welker, T., Barrows, F., Towner, R., Schneider, R., LaPatra, S. 2013. Variation in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to Biosynthesize Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid When Reared on Plant Oil Replacement Feeds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 44: 326–337.

Rahimnejad, S., Dabrowski, K., Izquierdo, M., Hematyar, N., Imentai, A., Steinbach, C., Policar, T. 2021. Effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on growth, fatty acid composition, innate immunity, and antioxidant capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed oxidized fish oil. Frontiers in Marine Science 8: 760587. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.760587

Rahman, M.H., Alam, M.A., Flura, Sultana, S., Islam, M.R. 2023. Effects of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of fish: A review. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1: 751-768. DOI: 10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(5).62

Salam, M.A., Rahman, M.A., Paul, S.I., Islam, F., Barman, A. K., Rahman, Z., Shaha, D.C., Rahman, M.M., Islam, T. 2021. Dietary chitosan promotes the growth, biochemical composition, gut microbiota, hematological parameters and internal organ morphology of juvenile Barbonymus gonionotus. PLoS One 16: e0260192.

Sherif, A.H., Khalil, R.H., Talaat, T.S., Baromh, M.Z., Elnagar, M.A. 2024. Dietary nanocomposite of vitamin C and vitamin E enhanced the performance of Nile tilapia. Scientific Reports 14: 15648.

Stetefeld, J., McKenna, S.A., Patel, T.R. 2016. Dynamic light scattering: A practical guide and applications in biomedical sciences. Biophysical Reviews 8: 409-427.

Stuart, B.H. 2004. Infrared Spectroscopy. Fundamentals and Applications. John Wiley & Sons.

Wang, X., Kim, K.W., Bai, S.C., Huh, M.D., Cho, B.Y. 2003. Effects of the different levels of dietary vitamin C on growth and tissue ascorbic acid changes in parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Aquaculture 215: 203-211. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00042-X.

Xu, H. J., Jiang, W. D., Feng, L., Liu, Y., Wu, P., Jiang, J., Kuang, S. Y., Tang, L., Tang, W. N., Zhang, Y. A., Zhou, X. Q. 2016. Dietary vitamin C deficiency depresses the growth, head kidney and spleen immunity and structural integrity by regulating NF-κB, TOR, Nrf2, apoptosis and MLCK signaling in young grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 52: 111-138.

Xu, C.-M., Yu, H.-R., Li, L.-Y., Li, M., Qiu, X.-Y., Fan, X.-Q., Fan, Y.-L. and Shan, L.-L. 2022. Effects of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activity of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792) postsmolts, Aquaculture Nutrition 2022, Article 6866578. DOI: 10.1155/2022/6866578.

Yusuf, A., Huang, X., Chen, N., Apraku, A., Wang, W., Cornel, A., Rahman, M.M., Li, S., Lin, Z., Shen, T. .2021. Growth and metabolic responses of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to dietary vitamin C supplementation levels, Aquaculture 534: 736243. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736243.