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Feasibility of restoring the Miankaleh Wetland ecosystem through the supply and transfer of saline and freshwater resources | ||
| Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 10 شهریور 1405 اصل مقاله (1.16 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cjes.2026.9894 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Edris Taghvaye Salimi* ؛ Vahid Gholami | ||
| Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Miankaleh Wetland, located in the western part of Gorgan Bay in the Southern Caspian Sea, has experienced severe ecological degradation in recent decades due to reduced freshwater inflow and the ongoing regression of the Caspian Sea level. As one of the most important ecosystems and wildlife refuges in Northern Iran—particularly for wintering waterbirds—urgent studies and restoration actions are required to secure adequate water resources. In this study, the feasibility of supplying saline water from the Caspian Sea and freshwater from the nearest river (Nekarud River), blending them, and transferring the mixed water to the western section of Miankaleh Wetland was evaluated for ecosystem restoration and conservation. Given the limited freshwater availability in the region and the need to achieve an optimal salinity range (EC = 7000–8000 µS cm-1), a 50:50 volumetric mixing ratio of seawater (EC ≈ 14,000 µS cm-1) and river water (EC ≈ 600 µS cm-1) was adopted. The calibrated MIKE model was subsequently used to predict the proposed restoration scenario and predict changes in hydraulic (water depth and velocity), hydrological (water zone and spatial distribution), and water-quality (salinity, nutrient transport, and contaminant dispersion) conditions across the wetland during the two-year simulation period. Prediction results indicated that supplying blended water with a salinity of approximately 7000 µS cm-1 and a discharge of 1.1 m³ s-1 over 18 months would substantially increase inundation zone and improve hydro-ecological conditions in the western region. Subsequently, the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model was employed to assess changes in habitat suitability for key native fish species, including common carp, Cyprinus carpio, Caspian kutum, Rutilus kutum, asp, Leuciscus aspius, and roach, Rutilus rutilus. The results suggest that the proposed water-transfer strategy could substantially expand the extent of suitable habitats for native fish species in the region. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Water pumping؛ MIKE model؛ MaxEnt model؛ Habitat suitability؛ Gorgan Bay | ||
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