پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 32 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 840 |
| تعداد مقالات | 8,153 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 52,500,393 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 8,894,695 |
Bird diversity and density across elevation gradients in Hyrcanian forests: Unraveling ecological patterns, mechanisms, and conservation strategies. | ||
| Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 21 بهمن 1404 اصل مقاله (1 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/cjes.2026.9437 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Saleh Mahmoudi1؛ Sohrab Moradi* 2؛ Narges Mohammadi3؛ Wahid Zamani4؛ Sheykhi Ilanloo5 | ||
| 1Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agricultural & Natural Resources Development, Faculty of Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Land Affairs Management of Kurdistan Province, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 5Department of Environmental, Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Understanding diversity patterns along elevation gradients is critical for conservation. This study examined bird diversity and density in relation to environmental variables across elevation gradients in the Saadabad-Naharkhoran forest, a subregion of Iran’s Hyrcanian forests. Birds and environmental variables were recorded within a 25-meter radius at 62 sampling points during autumn and winter 2017–2018. Density was estimated using DISTANCE 6.0, and diversity patterns were analyzed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) in CANOCO 4.5. Results revealed distinct bird communities across two elevation classes. Species such as the Coal Tit, Great Tit, and Blackbird were associated with the first elevation class and correlated with variables like shrub cover, temperature, and leaf litter percentage. In contrast, species such as the Tree creeper, Great Spotted Woodpecker, and Nuthatch were associated with the second elevation class and correlated with humidity, canopy cover, and large-diameter trees. These findings highlight the significant influence of elevation gradients and habitat structure on bird community composition. The results underscore the importance of preserving old-growth forest structures and maintaining habitat mosaics to support biodiversity. This study provides valuable insights for sustainable forest management in the Hyrcanian forests, emphasizing the need to balance harvesting practices with conservation efforts. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Conservation؛ Elevation gradients؛ Habitat structure؛ Hyrcanian forests؛ Species distribution | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Akhani, H, Djamali, M, Ghorbanalizadeh, A & Ramezani, E 2010, Plant biodiversity of Hyrcanian relict forests, N Iran: An overview of the flora, vegetation, palaeoecology and conservation. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42: 231–258.
Antongiovanni, M & Metzer, JP 2005, Influence of matrix habitats on the occurrence of insectivorous bird species in Amazonian forest fragments. Biological Conservation, 122(3): 441–451.
Berg, A, Ehnstrom, B, Gustafsson, L, Hallingback, T, Jonsell, M & Weslien, J 1994, Threatened plant, animal & fungus species in Swedish forests: Distribution and habitat associations. Conservation Biology, 8(3): 718–731.
Buckland, ST & erson, DR, Burnham, KP & Laake, JL 2001, Distance sampling: Estimating abundance of biological populations. 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall, London.
Canham, CD 1985. Suppression and release during canopy recruitment in Acer saccharum. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 112(2): 134–145.
Castelletta, M, Thiollay, JM & Sodhi, NS 2005, The effects of extreme forest fragmentation on the bird community of Singapore Island. Biological Conservation, 121: 135–155.
Díaz, L 2006, Influences of forest type and forest structure on bird communities in oak and pine woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management, 223(1-3): 363–372.
Doyon, F, Gagnon, D & Giroux, JF 2005, Effects of strip and single-tree selection cutting on birds and their habitat in a southwestern Quebec northern hardwood forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 209(1-2): 101–115.
Fahrig, L 2003, Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution & Systematics, 34: 487–515.
Ghadiri Khanposhtani, M, Kaboli, M, Karami, M & Etemad, V 2012, Habitat suitability modeling for wild goat (Capra aegagrus) in a mountainous area: A case study in the Khalkhal region. Environmental Resources Research, 1(1): 1–12.
Ghadiri Khanposhtani, M, Kaboli, M, Karami, M & Etemad, V 2012a, Habitat associations of birds in the Hyrcanian forests, Iran. Journal of Natural History, 46(41-42): 2553–2567.
Ghadiri Khanposhtani, M, Kaboli, M, Karami, M & Etemad, V 2012b, Bird diversity and abundance in relation to habitat characteristics in the Hyrcanian forests, Iran. Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity, 6(1): 1–12.
Gregory, RD, van Strien, A, Vorisek, P, Meyling, AWG, Noble, DG, Foppen, RPB & Gibbons, DW 2005, Developing indicators for European birds. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360(1454): 269–288.
Herzog, SK, Kessler, M & Cahill, TM 2011, Estimating species richness of tropical bird communities from rapid assessment data. The Auk, 119(3): 749–769.
Hosseini, SAO, Haidari, M, Shabanian, N, Haidari, RH & Fathizadeh, O 2012, The impact of single selection method logging on the tree and shrub diversity in the Hyrcanian forests. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2(6): 2229–2237.
Jangman, FR 1992, The consequences of selective logging for Bornean lowland forest birds, Phil.Trans. Roy. Soc, 335: 443-457.
Jankowski, JE, Ciecka, AL, Meyer, NY & Rabenold KN 2013, Beta diversity along environmental gradients: Implications of habitat specialization in tropical montane landscapes. Journal of Animal Ecology, 82(1): 192–204.
Jankowski, JE, Ciecka, AL, Meyer, NY & Rabenold, KN 2009, Beta diversity along environmental gradients: Implications of habitat specialization in tropical montane landscapes. Journal of Animal Ecology, 78(2): 315–327.
Laiolo, P 2002, Effects of habitat structure on bird assemblages in temperate forests: A review. Acta Ornithologica, 37(2): 105–118.
Marchetti, K 2004, Ecological and evolutionary consequences of bird-habitat relationships. Ecological Monographs, 74(4): 595–619.
Marsden, SJ, Whiffin, M & Emmingham, WH 2001, Bird diversity and abundance in forest fargments and Eucalyptus plantations around an Atlantic forest reserve, Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 737-751.
McCain, CM & Grytnes, JA 2010, Elevational gradients in species richness. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morrison ML, Marcot BG & Mannan RW 1998, Wildlife habitat relationships. Concepts and Aplications. 2nded, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
Nadkarni NM & Metelson TJ 1989, Bird use of epiphyte resources in neotropical trees. The Condor: Ornithological Applications, 91(4): 891–907.
Newton, I 1994, The role of nest sites in limiting the numbers of hole-nesting birds: A review. Biological Conservation, 70(3): 265–276.
Seoane, J, Bustamante J & Diaz-Delgado, R 2004, Competing roles for landscape, vegetation, topography and climate in predictive models of bird distribution. Ecological Modelling, 171: 209-222.
Shariati, M & Kaboli, M 2014, Bird species richness and diversity along an altitudinal gradient in North of Alborz Mountain, Case study Kheyrud forest. Journal of Natural Environment, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 66(4): 365-376.
Shariati Najafabadi, M & Kaboli, M 2012, Bird diversity and abundance in relation to elevation in the Hyrcanian forests, Iran. Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity, 6(2): 1–10.
Shariati Najafabadi, M, Kaboli, M & Karami, M 2011, Bird diversity and distribution in relation to habitat structure in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 39(4): 629–639.
Shochat, E, Abramsky, Z & Pinshow, B 2001, Breeding bird species diversity in the Negev: Effects of scrub fragmentation by planted forests. Journal of Applied Ecology, 38(5):1135–1147.
Siadati, S, Moradi, H, Attar, F, Etemad, V, Hamzeh’ee, B & Naqinezhad, A 2010, Botanical diversity of Hyrcanian forests; a case study of a transect in the Kheyrud protected lowland mountain forests in northern Iran. Phytotaxa, 7: 1–18.
Sillett, TS 1994, Foraging ecology of epiphyte-searching insectivorous birds in Costa Rica, The Condor: Ornithological Application, 96: 863–877.
Smith, A, Johnson, B & Williams, C 2020, Environmental factors influencing bird habitat selection in mixed forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 467: 118543.
Stevens, GC 1992, The elevational gradient in altitudinal range: An extension of Rapoport’s latitudinal rule to altitude. The American Naturalist, 140: 893-911.
Ter Braak, CJF & Šmilauer, P 2018, Canoco 5: Software for Multivariate Data Exploration, Testing & Summarization. Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, USA.
UNESCO 2019, Hyrcanian Forests. Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1584 [Accessed 10 Oct. 2023].
Vergara, PM & Schlatter, RP 2006. Aggregation of bird species in forest fragments: Influence of species traits and forest attributes. Biodiversity and Conservation 15(12): 3953–3971.
Villard, MA, Schmiegelow, FKA & Trzcinski, MK 2007, Short-term response of forest birds to experimental clear cut edges, The American Ornithologists’ Union. Auk, 124(3): 828–840.
Waterhouse, FL, Mather, M H & Seip, DR 2003, Distribution and abundance of birds relative to elevation and biogeoclimatic zones in coastal old-growth forests in southern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33(3): 542–557.
Watson, JEM, Whittaker RJ & Dawson TP 2004, Habitat structure and proximity to forest edge affect the abundance and distribution of forest-dependent birds in tropical coastal forests of southeastern Madagascar. Biological Conservation, 120: 311–327.
Watson, JEM, Evans, T, Venter, O, Williams, B, Tulloch, A, Stewart, C, Thompson, I, Ray, JC, Murray, K, Salazar, A, McAlpine, C, Potapov, P, Walston, J, Robinson, JG, Painter, M, Wilkie, D, Filardi, C, Laurance, WF, Houghton, RA, Maxwell, S, Grantham, H, Samper, C, Wang, S, Laestadius, L, Runting, RK, Silva-Chávez, GA, Ervin, J & Lindenmayer, D 2018, The exceptional value of intact forest ecosystems. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2: 599–610.
Zanette, L, Doyle, P & Trémont, SM 2000, Food shortage in small fragments: Evidence from an area-sensitive passerine. Ecology, 81(6): 1654–1666. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 13 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 23 |
||