ارزیابی ظرفیت‌های مجرمانه متاورس در پولشویی؛ چالش‌ها و رهیافت‌ها

Annelieke Mooij, Regulating the Metaverse Economy, How to Prevent Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism, SpringerBriefs in Law, Universiteit van Tilburg, 2024

Ante, L. (2021) Non-fungible token (NFT) markets on the Ethereum blockchain: Temporal development, cointegration and interrelations. Blockchain Research Lab Working Paper Series, 22, 1

Ante, L. (2021) Non-fungible token (NFT) markets on the Ethereum blockchain: Temporal development, cointegration and interrelations. Blockchain Research Lab Working Paper Series, 22, 1

Barbereau, Tom,  Bodó,  Balázs,  Beyond financial regulation of crypto-asset wallet software: In search of secondary liability, computer law & security review 49 (2023) 105829, Elsevier, p.16.

Bray D, Konsynski B (2006) Virtual worlds, virtual economies, virtual institutions. Virtual Worlds and New Realities Conference at Emory University 2008, pp.113,114

Cassella SD (2018) Toward a new model of money laundering. Is the “placement, layering, integration model obsolete?”. J Money Laund Control 21

Christopher J. Cifrino, “No TVirtual Property, Virtual Rights: Why Contract Law, Not Property Law, Must Be the Governing Paradigm in the Law of Virtual Worlds,” BCL Rev. 5 (2014)

Christopher P Buttigieg and others, ‘Anti-Money Laundering Regulation of Crypto Assets in Europe's Smallest Member State’ (2019) 13 Law and Financial Markets Review 211

Crijns D (2019) Money laundering with Fortnite. Anti Money Laundering Centre Rijksoverheid.p.11-19. https://www.amlc.eu/money-laundering-with-fortnite

Dianna L Kyles, ‘Centralised Control Over Decentralised Structures: AML and CTF Regulation of Blockchains and Distributed Ledgers’ in Doron Goldbarsht and Louis de Koker (eds), Financial Technology and the Law : Combating Financial Crime (Springer International Publishing 2022

Directive (EU) 2018/843 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive (EU) 2015/849 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, and amending Directives 2009/138/EC and 2013/36/EU.

Dyntu V, Dykyi O (2018) Cryptocurrency in the system of money laundering. Baltic J Econ Stud, 4(5) p.75. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-75-81

Elliptic Metaverse Report, (2022), The Future of Financial Crime in the Metaverse, Fighting Crypto-crime in Web3.0, p.14

European Commission (2019) Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Markets in Crypto-assets, and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937, COM/2020/593 final Article 13

European Parliament and European Council (2018) Directive 2018/843 of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2015/849/ EU on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, and amending Directives 2009/138/EC and 2013/36/EU [2018] OJ L156/43

FATF (2012-2022), International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and The Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation, FATF, Paris, France, www.fatf-gafi.org/recommendations.html

FATF (2021) Second 12-Month review of the revised FATF standards on virtual assets and virtual asset service providers. Paris

FATF (2023), Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing in the Art and Antiquities Market, FATF, Paris, France, https://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/Methodsandtrends/Money-Laundering-Terrorist-Financing-Art-

Financial Action Task Force, ‘Updated Guidance for a Risk-Based Approach to Virtual Assets and Virtual Asset Service Providers’ ,p.34.

3. Research, “The metaverse: Web3.0 virtual cloud economies,” 2021.Accessed: Nov. 1, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://grayscale.com/wpcontent/uploads/2021/11/Grayscale_Metaverse_Report_Nov2021.pdf

Grant Hespeler, ‘The Misguided Activism of the Cryptocurrency Industry: Reckoning with the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970’ (2022) 20 Colorado Technology Law Journal 145.

Howarth J (2022) How many cryptocurrencies are there in 2022. Exploding topics, available at: https://explodingtopics.com/blog/number-of-cryptocurrencies

https://cointelegraph.com/news/virtual-land-in-the-metaverse-dominated-nft-sales-over-past-week

https://opensea.io/assets/0xf87e31492faf9a91b02ee0deaad50d51d56d5d4d/ 204169420152563078 07802476445906092687286

https://www.theblockcrypto.com/linked/143535/yuga-labs-otherside-metaverse-land-auctionimposes- kyc-checks?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss

Huang, Huawei & Zhang, Qinnan & Li, Taotao & Yang, Qinglin & Yin, Zhaokang & Wu, Junhao & Xiong, Zehui & Zhu, Jianming & Wu, Jiajing & Zheng, Zibin. (2022). Economic Systems in Metaverse: Basics, State of the Art, and Challenges. 10.48550/arXiv.2212.05803.pp.19,20.

Jiajing Wu, Kaixin Lin, Dan Lin, Ziye Zheng, Huawei Huang And Zibin Zheng, Financial Crimes in Web3-Empowered Metaverse: Taxonomy, Countermeasures, and Opportunities, computer society, volume 4, 2023

Kafteranis, D & Turksen, U 2021, 'Art of Money Laundering with Non-Fungible Tokens: A myth or reality?', European Law Enforcement Research Bulletin, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 23-31.

Kalpokas, Ignas, (2019) Algorithmic governance. Politics and law in the post-human era. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, first edition, p.63.

 Kerr O (2003) The problem of perspective in internet law. Georgetown Law J 91, pp.372,373

Khalili Paji, Aref, Niazpour, Amir Hassan, The Necessities of Including the Anti-Money Laundering Law on Virtual Assets; In Light of the Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force, Encyclopedia of Economic Law Journal, Vol 28, No 20, 2022, [in Persian]

Khalili Paji, Aref, Virtual Currencies, Globalization of Crime and Criminal Policy, second edition, 2024, Mizan. [in Persian]

LatifZadeh, Mahdieh, qabuli dorafshan, Seyyed Mohammad Mahdi, Introducing Digital Identity in Metaverse, ‎Identifying Related Legal Challenges and Solutions, Private Law Studies, Volume 53, Number 2, 2023, [in Persian]

Lee, Un-Kon. (2022). Tourism Using Virtual Reality: Media Richness and Information System Successes. Sustainability, p.4. 14. 3975. 10.3390/su14073975

Martin, Sophie. (2024). Painting the picture: why art dealers should be added to Australia’s designated non-financial businesses and professions definition. Journal of Money Laundering Control. 10.1108/JMLC-01-2024-0020.

Mbiyavanga S (2019) Cryptolaundering: anti-money laundering regulation of virtual currency. Exchanges J Anti-Corrup Law 3(1)

moradiberelian, Mahdi, An Introduction to the Legal Consequences and Challenges of the Metaverse, Quarterly Journal of Legal Research, Special Issue on Law and Technology, No. 25, 2023, [in Persian]

N., Lawless, C. J. & Turksen, U. (2021) Cybercrime in Action. Nobel Academic Publishing

2022. Yang, Y. Zhao, H. Huang, Z. Xiong, J. Kang, and Z. Zheng, “Fusing blockchain and AI with metaverse: A survey,” IEEE Open J. Comput. Soc., vol. 3, 2022.

Roger Brownsword, “Law, Authority, and Respect: Three Waves of Technological Disruption,” Journal of Law, Innovation, and Technology 14, no. 1 (n.d. 2022)

Safari Kasiyanto, a Mustafa R. Kilincb, The Legal Conundrums Of The Metaverse, Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions, Vol. 1 No. 2, 2022

Shamloo, Bagher, Parhizkary, Somaye, Money Laundering Risks of Designated Non-Financial Businesses and Professions (DNFBPS); Challenges and Solutions, Encyclopedia of Economic Law Journal, Volume 30, Number 24, 2024, [in Persian]

Shri T Rabi Sankar, ‘Cryptocurrencies – An Assessment’ (Reserve Bank of India 2022) Keynote address at the Indian Banks Association 17th Annual Banking Technology Conference and Awards https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_SpeechesView.aspx?Id=1196

Thomson Reuters, ‘Cryptocurrency Regulations by Country’ (2022) <https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en-us/posts/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/04/Cryptos-Report-Compendium-2022.pdf>.

Tom Carreras, ‘Lithuania to Ban Anonymous Wallets Following EU Regulation’ Crypto Briefing (9 June 2022) <https://cryptobriefing.com/lithuania-to-ban-anonymous-wallets-following-eu-regulation

Tom Barbereau, Balázs Bodó, Beyond financial regulation of crypto-asset wallet software: In search of secondary liability, Computer Law & Security Review Volume 49, July 2023, 105829,

U.S. Departement of Justice, ‘The Report of the Attorney General Pursuant to Section 8(b)(Iv) of Executive Order 14067: How To Strengthen International Law Enforcement Cooperation For Detecting, Investigating, And Prosecuting Criminal Activity Related To Digital Assets’ (US Departement of Justice 2022).

US Department of the Treasure (2022) Study of the Facilitation of Money Laundering and Terror Finance Through the Trade in Works of Art. Available from: https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/Treasury_Study_WoA.pdf [Accessed 29th June 2022]