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ارزیابی شاخصهای کیفی جوانهزنی و رشد اولیه گیاهچه نخودفرنگی علوفهای در پاسخ به قارچ عامل بیماری پژمردگی آوندی | ||
علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران | ||
دوره 12، شماره 1، فروردین 1404، صفحه 46-60 | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/jms.2025.8803 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
نیما خالدی* 1؛ محمد رحمانی2؛ فرشید حسنی1؛ لیلا زارع1 | ||
1موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
2محقق، موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
آلودگی بذر به قارچ Fusarium spp. یکی از مهمترین تهدیدهای عمده برای کیفیت بذر و عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی از جمله نخودفرنگی علوفهای است. هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی عامل قارچی بذرزاد پژمردگی آوندی فوزاریومی در نمونههای بذری نخودفرنگی علوفهای، ارزیابی میزان تأثیر آلودگی طبیعی بذر روی برخی صفات مرتبط با جوانهزنی بذر و رشد اولیهی گیاهچهها و همچنین بررسی روند انتقال آلودگی و بروز بیماری در گیاهان نسل بعد میباشد. به منظور تشخیص آلودگی، از بذور ارقام مختلف نخودفرنگی علوفهای وارداتی و تولید شده در مزارع استان آذربایجان شرقی (منطقه کلیبر) بر اساس ضوابط انجمن بین المللی آزمون بذر نمونهبرداری شد. جدایههای قارچی بر اساس ویژگیهای ریختشناختی و آغازگرهای اختصاصی گونه شناسایی شدند. در مجموع بر اساس ویژگیهای ریختشناختی و آغازگرهای اختصاصی گونه، هفت جدایهی قارچی متعلق به Fusarium oxysporum شناسایی شدند. میزان شاخص بیماری ناشی از جدایههای بیماریزا و کمبیماریزا روی گیاهچههای نخودفرنگی علوفهای از 02/2 ± 50/53 درصد تا 75/0 ± 25/9 درصد متغیر بود. نتایج حاصل از بررسی میزان انتقال آلودگی ناشی از قارچ F. oxysporum از بذر به گیاه نسل بعد نشان داد که میزان بروز بیماری پژمردگی آوندی فوزاریومی در محدودهی صفر تا 17/2 درصد متغیر بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که پیشبینی دقیق میزان بروز بیماری بذرزاد به علت عدم اطلاع از میزان بیماریزایی جدایههای قارچی و سطح حساسیت متفاوت ارقام به آسانی امکانپذیر نیست. وجود یا عدم وجود آلودگی در بذر نمیتواند تعیین کننده سطح کیفیت بذر و سلامت گیاهچههای نخودفرنگی علوفهای باشد، بلکه این میزان بیماریزایی است که روی صفات مرتبط با ویژگیهای جوانهزنی و رشد اولیهی گیاهچهها تأثیرگذار است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بروز بیماری؛ بیماریزایی؛ پژمردگی آوندی؛ فوزاریوم؛ شاخص بیماری؛ شناسایی | ||
مراجع | ||
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