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تطبیق ویژگیهای ترسیمی کودکان در خانوادههای شاد و دارای بحران بر اساس آزمون ترسیم خانواده (مدل کرمن) و مصاحبه (مطالعه موردی: کودکان ۸ تا ۱۰ سال دختر شهر تهران) | ||
پژوهشهای میانرشتهای هنر | ||
مقاله 6، دوره 3، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 4، اردیبهشت 1404، صفحه 131-160 اصل مقاله (893.81 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/ira.2025.30044.1055 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
شانلی مؤمنی1؛ عطیه یوزباشی* 2؛ فرناز کلانتری3 | ||
1کارشناسی ارشد نقاشی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران | ||
2عضو هیأت علمی وابسته گروه نقاشی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران | ||
3کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت استراتژیک، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
دوران کودکی از مهمترین مراحل زندگی است که در آن پایههای شخصیت فرد شکل میگیرد و خانواده، بهعنوان نخستین پایگاه تربیتی کودک بهشمار میرود؛ لذا شیوههای تربیتی والدین و شرایط روانی ـ اجتماعی حاکم بر خانواده میتوانند تأثیرات عمیقی بر شکلگیری هویت کودک داشته باشند. خانوادههای درگیر بحرانهای روانی، عاطفی یا ساختاری، معمولاً محیطی ناایمن برای رشد فراهم میآورند که میتواند در رفتارها و بازنماییهای کودک بهویژه در آثار هنریاش بازتاب یابد. نقاشی یکی از ابزارهای فرافکن است که از طریق آن میتوان به دنیای اندیشهها، احساسها و تجارب هیجانی کودک دست یافت. پژوهش حاضر به مقایسه ویژگیهای ترسیمی کودکان در خانوادههای شاد و دارای بحران، با استفاده از تست ترسیمی آزمون خانواده (مدل کرمن) و مصاحبه با کودکان و والدین آنها، به روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی میپردازد. شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات بهصورت کتابخانهای و میدانی است. سطح ترسیمی آزمون خانواده که شامل مؤلفههای خط، رنگ، فضا، فاصله بین اشخاص، بیارزش نمودن اشخاص، اضافه نمودن شخصیتهای دیگر، کمبود محبت، تعیین هویت، و ویژگیهای اجتماعی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی هستند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS و آزمون مجذور خی دوطرفه تحلیل شده است. آزمودنیها شامل 50 کودک سنین مابین 8 تا 10 سال دختر بودند که با مراجعه به مدرسه دخترانه شهید بهشتی در منطقه 15 تهران و 12 خانه بازی در مناطق 1، 2، 3، 6، 15، 22 تهران در سال 1402، به روش خوشهای تصادفی انتخاب شدهاند. در یافتهها در شاخصهای «خطوط بارز، پررنگ، آزادانه و بلند»، «خطوط قطعهقطعه، متغیر و پیچیده»، «رنگهای سرد»، «رنگ خاکستری و مشکی» و همچنین شاخص «نزدیک به هم یا دست در دست» و «برجستهکردن شخصی در تصویر» تفاوت معنادار میان خانوادههای شاد و دارای بحران مشاهده شد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آزمون ترسیم خانواده؛ آزمون کرمن؛ خانواده شاد؛ خانواده دارای بحران؛ نقاشی | ||
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