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ارزیابی عملکرد تهویه طبیعی با استفاده از مدلسازی فرمهای شهری در بافت قدیم کلانشهر شیراز | ||
دانش شهرسازی | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 8، شماره 3، دی 1403، صفحه 120-139 اصل مقاله (2.54 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/upk.2025.28792.1980 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
اردلان افلاکی* 1؛ ساغر حسنی2؛ سیده آیدا حسینی3؛ امین حبیبی4؛ محمد نیک کار5 | ||
1استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و هنر، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
2دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد شهرسازی، موسسه آموزش عالی آپادانا، شیراز، ایران | ||
3کاندیدای دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران | ||
4دانشیار بخش معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران | ||
5استادیار بخش معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
بیان مسئله: با توسعه شهرها در عصر حاضر، مشکلات و پدیدههایی مانند جزایر گرمایی شهری، کاهش کیفیت هوا در بافت شهرها و عدم آسایش حرارتی در فضاهای عمومی شهرها چالشهای عمیقی برای زیست شهروندان بهوجود آوردهاند. از طرف دیگر، در مطالعات معماری و شهری، کمتر مطالعهای به ویژگیهای فرم و شکل شهرها بهمنظور افزایش تهویه طبیعی در خیابانها بهعنوان فضاهای عمومی پرتردد در شهرها پرداخته است. هدف: این مطالعه با در نظر گرفتن تراکم و ارتفاع ساختمانها در جداره یک خیابان شهری در بافت میانی کلانشهر شیراز، به ارزیابی مدلهای ممکن در جهت افزایش تهویه طبیعی و درنتیجه کاهش گرمای محیط شهری و خروج بهتر آلایندهها میپردازد. روش: روش انجام تحقیق از نوع کمی و از ابزار شبیهسازی محاسبات دینامیک سیالات برای مدلسازی جریان باد در محیط شهری استفادهشده است. بر این اساس نرمافزار FloEFD پس از اعتبارسنجی در این مطالعه قرار گرفت و پس از مدلسازی در محیط داخلی نرمافزار سه مؤلفه دما، فشار، سرعت جریان هوا و الگوی حرکتی جریان هوا بین مدلهای ایجادشده موردبررسی قرار گرفت. یافتهها: یافتههای مطالعه نشان میدهد مدل دوم که با افزایش تدریجی تعداد طبقات از جداره خیابان به سمت بافت در نظر گرفتهشده است، توزیع هوا و سرعت مناسب جریان هوای مناسبتری نسبت به دیگر مدلهای بررسیشده، داشته است. بر اساس نتایج عددی، سرعت جریان در این مدل تا 2/2 متر بر ثانیه افزایش داشته است. نتیجهگیری: در ارتباط با الگوی جریان هوا در مدل بهینه، جریان با شدت سرعت بیشتر و در تمامی نقاط بافت و خیابان موردمطالعه پراکندهشده است که این امر منجر میتواند به خروج بهتر گرما و آلایندهها از محیط خیابان منجر شود. مدل دوم یعنی افزایش تدریجی ارتفاع ساختمانها از لبه خیابان به سمت بافت بهترین سرعت جریان هوا بهمنظور تهویه طبیعی در خیابان فراهم میکند. همچنین الگوی حرکتی جریان در مدل دوم نسبت به دو مدل دیگر بهتر میتواند در توزیع جریان در نقاط مختلف خیابان عمل کند بهطوریکه توزیع دما و فشار متوازن در نقاط مختلف منجر به افزایش کارایی تهویه در محیط خیابان گردیده است. | ||
تازه های تحقیق | ||
تهویه طبیعی به عنوان یک راهکار طراحی غیرفعال در کاهش آلاینده ها در کریدورهای شهری نقش موثری دارد. براساس یافتههای تحقیق، شیب تدریجی ارتفاع ساختمانها از جداره به سمت بافت دربرگیرنده خیابان در افزایش کارایی تهویه طبیعی در خروج آلایندهها تاثیر بسزایی دارد. توزیع فشار هوای مناسب در کریدورهای شهری و سرعت جریان هوا بین 2/1 تا 5/1 متر برثانیه به توزیع نرمال جریان هوا کمک می کند که در نهایت منجر به خروج آلایندهها از سطوح مختلف خیابان می شود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
فرم شهری؛ تهویه طبیعی؛ الگوی حرکتی جریان هوا؛ کیفیت هوا؛ خیابان شهری | ||
مراجع | ||
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