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تبارشناسی استراتژیهای قدرت برای مشروعیت بخشی و مشروعیت زدایی در عمل برنامهریزی شهری؛ (مطالعه موردی: بازنگری طرح بهسازی و نوسازی بافت پیرامون حرم مطهر امام رضا (ع)) | ||
| دانش شهرسازی | ||
| دوره 9، شماره 2، 1404، صفحه 1-26 اصل مقاله (1.48 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22124/upk.2024.26562.1919 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سارا وثوقی* 1؛ فرشاد نوریان2 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته دکتر شهرسازی، دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیان مسئله: در سایه مطالعات پستمدرنیستی در نقد رویکرد تجویزی برنامهریزی شهری مدرنیستی این پرسش که چگونه مشروعیت تصمیمات برنامهریزی شهری متأثر از روابط قدرت احراز میشود کمتر موردمطالعه قرار گرفته است. هدف: این مقاله در تلاش برای تبیین ارتباط قدرت و مشروعیت در بستر واقعی برنامهریزی شهری، با پیشنهاد رویکرد تحلیلی بر اساس تبارشناسی فوکو، استراتژیها و ضداستراتژیهای بازیگران قدرت را برای ایجاد سوژههای مطیعِ ادعاها و ضد ادعاهای مشروعیت تصمیمات در عمل و نتیجه این بازی استراتژیک قدرت یعنی بهنجارسازی را واکاوی مینماید. روش: بر مبنای چهارچوب نظری و روششناختی مبتنی بر تبارشناسی فوکو، تجربه بازنگری طرح بهسازی و نوسازی بافت پیرامون حرم مطهر- طرح طاش (1393-1399) بر اساس استراتژی انتخاب نمونه مفرط بررسی و با جمعآوری چندبعدی دادهها، 212 مستند رسمی، 563 مستند غیررسمی و 11 مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته تحلیل شد. یافتهها: تبارشناسی بازنگری طرح طاش، نقش فعالانه بازیگران قدرت را در منازعه بر روی مشروعیتبخشی به یا مشروعیتزدایی از تجدیدنظر بنیادین طرح را نشان میدهد که در این بستر، تقابل استراتژیهای قدرت منجر به تغییر عرصه منازعات بر روی مشروعیت از حوزه برنامهریزی شهری به حوزه قضایی و بهنجارسازی "قضایی سازی تصمیمگیری" در حوزه شهرسازی میگردد. نتیجهگیری: در عرصه منازعه آگاهانه و مبتنی بر زمینه بازیگران بر روی مشروعیت در بستر بازی استراتژیک قدرت در عمل برنامهریزی شهری، برخی از استراتژیها معطوف به مشروعیتبخشی به و مشروعیتزدایی از تصمیمات، فرایندهای تصمیمگیری، بازیگران تصمیمگیر، معیارهای تصمیمگیری و تبعات تصمیم و برخی استراتژیها معطوف به منازعه زدایی از مشروعیت (کنترل منازعه به نفع خود) هستند. با اعمال این استراتژیها، در پایان منازعه بر روی مشروعیت سوژههای مطیعی (سوژهسازی) شکلگرفته که تابع بهنجارسازی جدید از تصمیمات، فرایندها، بازیگران، معیارها و تبعات میشوند. در نتیجه بازی استراتژیک قدرت، درک از مشروعیت در عمل برنامهریزی شهری بازتنظیم میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| فوکو؛ مشروعیت؛ سوژهسازی؛ بهنجارسازی؛ قضایی سازی | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Territory, Politics, Governance, 6(1), 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2016.1231629 Rezaei, M. R. (2020). Nāmeh-ye Ra'ise Komisiyun-e 'Omrāne Majles-e be Vazire Rāh va Shahr-sāzi dar khusūse farāyande tahiyeh-ye tarhe tafsili-ye bāfte pirāmūn-e Haram [Official letter from the Chairman of the Parliament's Development Commission to Minister of Roads and Urban Development, regarding the detailed process of the Samen district plan]. (in Persian) Retrieved October 15, 2020, from snn.ir/003hv5 Rothmayr Allison, C., & Soennecken, D. (2024). Judicialisation of Public Policy. In M. Van Gerven, C. Rothmayr Allison, & K. Schubert (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Public Policy (pp. 1–7). Sadeghi, G. A. (2019b). Sokhanan-e ra'is-e dadgostari-ye Khorasan Razavi dar Shoray-e A'li-ye Shahrsazi dar bare-ye haqq-e moktasabeh [Remarks by the Head of Khorasan Razavi Province Judiciary Regarding the vested rights] [Audio recording of meeting]. Retrieved Mehr 23, 1399 October 15, 2021 from https://www.aparat.com/asianews.eco (in Persian) Sadeghi, G. A. (2019a). Nāmeh-ye Ra'ise Dādgostari-ye Ostāne Khorāsān-e Razavi be Bahram Ra'is-e Divān-e 'Edālat-e Edāri dar khusūs-e 'adame taghyire tarhe tafsili-ye Tāsh [Official Letter from the Chief Justice of Khorasan Razavi Province to Bahram, Head of the Administrative Justice Court, regarding non-alteration of the Tash Detailed Plan] (No. D/30351). (in Persian) Sadeghi, G. A. (2020). Nāmeh-ye ra'is-e Dādgostari-ye Khorāsān-e Razavi be Shahrdāre Mashhad dar khusūse mosavvabāt-e jalsah-ye 1399/6/11 bā mowzu'-e ma'āber va rah-bāghhā [Official Letter from the Director-General of Khorasan Razavi Province Judiciary to Mayor of Mashhad, regarding resolutions of the meeting dated 1399/6/11] (No. D/23758). (in Persian) Retrieved from https://qudsonline.ir/x88bS Shahrdāri-ye Mashhad be shekāyat az Shurāy-e Āli-ye Shahr-sāzi (2016). Dādnāmeh bā khāsteh-ye sodure dasture movaqqat bar tavaqqofe mosavvabeh-ye 1395.01.23 Shurāy-e Āli-ye Shahrsāzi [Initial petition in the Administrative Justice Court requesting for cancellation of the Supreme Council of Urban Planning resolution] (No. 300/6041). (in Persian) Retrieved September 28, 2020, from B2n.ir/n87888 Shahrdāri-ye Mashhad be shekāyat az Shurāy-e Āli-ye Shahr-sāzi (2018). Dādnāmeh bā khāsteh-ye sodur-e dastur-e movaqqat bar tavaqqofe mosavvabeh-ye murrakh-e 1396.04.19 Shurāy-e Āli sādereh az sho'beh-ye 7 Divān-e 'Edālat-e Edāri [Initial petition in the Administrative Justice Court requesting invalidation of the Supreme Council]. (in Persian) Sherkat-e 'Omrān va Maskan-sāzān-e Sāmen (2019, September 1). Surat jalsah-ye komiteh-ye hoquqi-ye setād-e rahbordi-ye tarh dar khusūs-e masādeq-e hoquq-e moktasabeh [Minutes of the Legal Committee meeting of the Strategic Plan Headquarters regarding instances of vested rights]. (in Persian) Sherratt, Y. (2019). Continental philosophy of social science (H. Jalili, Trans). Tehran: Ney Publication. (Original work published 2006) (in Persian) Shoray-e A'li-ye Shahr-sazi-e Iran (2016).Mosavabe dar khosuse tarh-e bāft-e pirāmuni-ye Haram va bāft-e tārikhi-ye Mashhad [The revision of the Urban Renewal Plan in Samen District and the historic fabric of Mashhad]. Ruznāme-ye Rasmi (870). (in Persian) Shoray-e A'li-ye Shahr-sazi-e Iran (2017). Mosavabe dar khosuse tarh-e bāft-e pirāmuni-ye Haram [The revision of the Urban Renewal Plan in Samen District]. Ruznāme-ye Rasmi (989). (in Persian) Shoray-e A'li-ye Shahr-sazi-e Iran (2020 a). Mosavabe dar khosuse eqdāmāt-e ejrā'i-ye mahdūde-ye pirāmūne Haram. [The executive measures for the Plan of Samen District]. Ruznāme-ye Rasmi (1295). (in Persian) Shoray-e A'li-ye Shahr-sazi-e Iran (2020 b). Mosavabe dar khosuse tarh-e tafṣili-ye bāft-e pirāmūn-e Haram. [The detailed plan of Samen District]. Ruznāme-ye Rasmi (Vizheh Nāmeh 1412). (in Persian) Shoraye Shahr-e Mashhad (2011). Tafsir’e ba’zi az mavzu’at marbut be manateq-e Samen [some issues related to the Samen district] (No. Sh/3/91/4372). (in Persian) Shoraye Shahr-e Mashhad (2019). Darkhast-e mojavvaz-e estedad-e daviy-e Divan-e Edalat [Withdraw the lawsuit filed in the Administrative Justice Court] (No. Sh/5/99/10256). (in Persian) Shoraye Shahr-e Mashhad (2020b). Peygiriye ravand-e qanuni-ye taghyirat dar tarh-e baft-e piramun-e haram [Follow-up on the legal process of changes in the plan of Samen district] (No. Sh/5/99/4125). (in Persian) Shoraye Shahr-e Mashhad (2015). Enteshār-e owrāq-e moshārekat barāy-e projeh-hā-ye bāft-e farsudeh-ye mahdudeh-ye hāshiyeh-ye khiābān-e Tabarsi va zel-e shomāli-ye Shārestān dar qetā'-e 2 [Issuance of participation bonds for projects in the Tabarsi Street and northern Sharestan in Sector 2] (No. Sh/4/94/11757). (in Persian) Shoraye Shahr-e Mashhad (2016). Kāhesh-e 'avārez-e sodur-e parvāneh dar projeh-hā-ye mantaghe-ye Sāmen [Reduction of permit issuance fees for projects in Samen District] (No. Sh/4/95/16569). (in Persian) Shoraye Shahr-e Mashhad (2020a). Hefz-e hoquq-e omumi va khosusi dar eslah-e tarh-e tafsili-ye baft-e piramun-e haram [Preservation of public and private rights in the detailed plan of Samen district] (No. Sh/5/99/9747). (in Persian) SNN. (2020, September 28). Vezārat-e Rāh pateh-ye shahrdāri-ye Mashhad dar projeh-ye bāft-e atrāf-e Haram rā ruy-e āb rikht [Ministry of Roads sabotaged Mashhad Municipality's project for the Samen district]. SNN. News, (in Persian) Retrieved September 28, 2020, from snn.ir/003gdf Tahsili, H. (2019). Gozāresh-e tarh-e pajuheshi-ye arzyābi-ye eqtesādi-ye tarhe nowsāzi-ye bāfthā-ye farsudeh-ye shahre Mashhad [Research project report on economic evaluation of the redevelopment plan for urban decay_Mashhad]. Markaz-e Pajuheshhā-ye Shurā-ye Eslāmi-ye Shahr-e Mashhad. (in Persian) Retrieved June 28, 2020, from https://rcmc.mashhad.ir/s/mfabEvs Tait, M. (2012). Building trust in planning professionals: understanding the contested legitimacy of a planning decision. The Town Planning Review, 83(5), 597–617. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23325602 Taylor, D. (2009). Normativity and Normalization. Foucault Studies, (7), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i7.2636 Taylor, Z. (2018). Pathways to legitimacy. Planning Theory, 18(2), 214-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095218806929 Vezārat-e Rāh va Shahr-sāzi (2019). Surat jalsah-ye barresi-ye mavāred-e madnazar-e Shahrdāri-ye Mashhad dar khusūs-e tarh-e bāft-e pirāmūn-e Haram-e Motahhar-e Razavi [Meeting minutes reviewing considerations of Mashhad Municipality regarding the plan of Samen district] (Unpublished manuscript). (in Persian) YJC. (2020, August 17). Keshmakesh-hā-ye 25-sāleh che bar sar-e nowsāzi-ye bāft-e Haram-e Razavi āvardeh ast? [What have the 25-year conflicts brought upon the renewal of the Samen district?]. YJC. News, (in Persian) Retrieved August 17, 2020, from https://www.yjc.ir/00VEOX Zakhour, S. (2020). The democratic legitimacy of public participation in planning: Contrasting optimistic, critical, and agnostic understandings. Planning Theory, 19(4), 349-370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095219897404 Zargari Marandi, E. and Soltani, A. (2018). An Analysis of the Foundational Dichotomies in Public Interest Concept in Urban Planning and Policy-Making. Urban Planning Knowledge, 1(1), 21-36. (in Persian) doi: 10.22124/upk.2018.9217.1034 Zelditch, M. (2001). Theories of legitimacy. In Jost, J. T., & Major, B. (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on ideology, justice, and intergroup relations. Cambridge University Press. | ||
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