Related Links
Statistics
| Number of Journals | 31 |
| Number of Issues | 805 |
| Number of Articles | 7,756 |
| Article View | 35,545,660 |
| PDF Download | 7,908,157 |
The impact of poetical citations in Persian dictionaries with regard to correcting the bits of Sana'i and Rumi | ||
| زبان فارسی و گویشهای ایرانی | ||
| Article 3, Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7, February 2019, Pages 47-61 PDF (629.34 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.22124/plid.2019.11405.1312 | ||
| Author | ||
| Majid Mansouri* | ||
| Assistant Professor in Persian language and Literature Department Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Registering poetical citations is commonly considered as one of the most unique traditions in Persian lexicography. Although these citations may suffer disadvantages including misreads and likelihood of confusion along with erronouse equivalents, they can give assistance to editors in correction of other historical texts. However, since the recorded poetical citations have considerably been fallacious, the editors did not care much about the citations in the majority of cases. Given the fact that the traditional lexicographers probably possessed a number of manuscripts which belonged to a time much closer to the era of compilation of the ancient works, they could well be regarded as poetical evidence and best applied as duplicate files worthwile in correcting other texts. In this essay, suggestions are made to carefully correct a number of bits in Sanayi and Rumi's poetry based upon Persian dictionaries, specially Jahangiri Dictionary. Extended Abstract 1. Introduction In the oldest known Persian to Persian dictionary, namely, Loghat-e Fors-e Asadi-e Tusi, the main focus of the author`s attention has been paid to the rhymes of poetry, as well as the meaning of the difficult words contained therein. Apparently, for most of the words in this dictionary, there are poetical citations from various poets. Given the fact that the authors of the old dictionaries had totally focused on the vocabulary of the poems, the composition of poetry, and the poetry books, they did not pay much attention to words not included in the poems, therefore they have inevitably given up this vocabulary treasure and afflicted the dictionaries with this great imperfection and flaw. One of the reasons why the main focus of attention in dictionaries has been paid to the poetry vocabulary was because a large nummber of the words were of non-Iranian origines, and hence they could straightforwaedly enable non-Iranians to get well acquainted with Persian poems. 2. Theoretical framework The value and the importance of insertion the very poetical citations in lexicography is to such an extent that, in the eyes of the old and the new criticizers, one of the main problems of the popular dictionaries, e.g. Borhan-e ghate, is to remove the poetical citations. For this reason, some authors of ancient dictionaries have vastly tried to find poetical citations for words with no documentation in the masterpieces of the great Persian poets and to insert them in their dictionaries. In this regard, we can mention the author of the Dictionary of Shoury who was deceived by dishonest men and deceptive merchants who versified completely nonsense ridiculous, and funny verses for him as anonymous and fake poets and he being unaware of this deception, included the verses in his dictionary. In general, it has strongly been believed that poetical citations suffer a number of shortcomings and errors. However, given the fact that the traditional lexicographers probably possessed a number of manuscripts which belonged to a time much closer to the era of compilation of the ancient works, they could well be regarded as the poetical evidence and best applied as duplicate files worthwile in correcting other texts. 3. Methodology In this article, using poetical citations recorded in the old dictionaries and on the margin of the words, it has been tried to correct Sana'i and Molavi bits. Furthermore, the errors of the lexicographers have been attentively represented through a comparison of identical citations both in other Persian dictionaries and in the Sanai and Rumi books. 4. Result & Discussion The present contribution attempts to portray the errors and shortcomings of the Persian dictionaries by taking a critical look at the poetical citations in the dictionaries and comparing them with their original forms in the books of Sanai and Rumi. This research includes two main parts; in the first part, using ancient texts and a comparison of poetical citations in different Persian dictionaries, eight bits of the Senai, and in the second part, on the same basis , five bits of Rumi have been carefully reviewed and corrected. 5. Conclusions & Suggestions In most ancient Persian dictionaries, poetical citations are massively documented. Given that, in most cases, the recordings of poetical citations are much more confusing and misleading comparing the original instances in the books of poets, the proofreaders did not pay much attention to these citations. However, poetical citations of dictionaries, though rarely, can help us correct verses in the works of various poets. According to the findings of this research, it is illustrated that the dubious and distorted bits of poets can be corrected by using poetical citations of ancient dictionaries and comparing them with the original recorded forms in the works of poets. Moreover, a list of errors can be found in the Perian dictionares on this basis. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Sanai; Rumi; poetry; Jahangiri Dictionary | ||
| References | ||
|
References (in persian) Aghili Khorasani, M. 2001. Store of medicines.Tehran: Bavardaran. Amoli, Sh. 2002. Art treasures in the brides eye, Correcting A. miyanaji. Tehran: Islamiyah. Asadi Tusi, A. 1986. Fors dictionary, Corrected by F. Mojtaba and A.Sadeghi. Tehran: Kharazmi. Anjav Shirazi, M. 1980. Jahangiri Dictionary, Trying to R. Afifi. Mashhad: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Burhan Tabrizi, M. 1997. Borhani ghatee. By M. Moin's efforts. Tehran: Amir Kabir. Dehkhoda, A. 1984. Proverbs and verdicts. Tehran: Sepehr Branch. ــــــــــــــــــــــــ 1997. "The Dictionary of Shouri". Quotes in the Introduction to the Borhani ghatee. Tehran: Amir Kabir. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــ 1998. Dehkhoda Dictionary. Tehran: Tehran University. Fadhlalh Ibn Ruzbehan. 2003. The history of Alam Araye Abbasi. Correction of M. AShigh. Tehran: written legacy. Hassandoost, M. 2014. Etymological culture of Persian language. Tehran: Persian Language and Literature Academy. Hedayat, R. (No date), The Dictionary of Anjoman Ara , Tehran: Islamiyah Bookshop. History of Sistan 1935. Correcting the M. Bahar. Tehran: Khavar Institute. Kia, S. 1969. Throne. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Arts. Mokhtari Ghaznavi. O. 1957. Divan. Correcting R. Homayounfarrokh. Tehran: A. Elmi. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــ 2003. Divan. With the efforts of J. Homai. Tehran: Scientific and cultural. M. Sa'ad Salman. 2011. Divan. Correction by M. Mahyar. Tehran: Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies. Moin, M. 1997. Introduction of Borhani ghatee. Tehran: Amir Kabir. Monshi, N. 2004. Translation of Kelileh and Demneh. Correction of M. Minavi Tehrani. Tehran: Amir Kabir. Manoochehri, A. 1974. Cultured Drugs and Dictionaries. Tehran: Iran Culture Foundation. Naser Khosrow Ghobadiyani, A. 2005. Divan, Correction of M. Minavi and M. Mohaghegh, Tehran: Tehran University. Naghavi, Sh. 1962. Persian Dictionary in India and Pakistan. Tehran: Publications Office of the Ministry of Culture. Rumi, J. 1999. Shams' Ghazals. Foruzanfar's correction. Tehran: Amir Kabir. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــ 2007. Shams' Ghazals. based on Foruzanfar's correction. Tehran: Hermes. Rezaei Baghbidi, H. 1996. "Investigating the Indo-Indo-Indo-Persian Subtitle". Letter from the Academy. N: 8. PP: 103-116. Sana'i Ghaznavi, M. 1950. Hadighat ol haghighah. Correcting M. Razavi. Tehran: Sepehr Branch. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــ 1957 Divan. Correcting M. Mosaffa. Tehran: Amir Kabir. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــ 2006. Divan. Correcting M. Razavi. Tehran: Sana'i. Tafazoli, A. 1966. "Razijar is a Persian word for the old". Persian Language and Literature, Tabriz University. N:79. PP: 334- 338. Tatavi Madani, A. (No date). Rashidi Dictionary. Correcting M. Abbasi. Tehran: Tehran Bookstores. Zarrinkoub, A. 1962. "On Removal and Its Difficulties". Yaghma magazine, N:172. PP: 346-350.
References (in Arabic) Antaki, D. (No date). Remember David Antaki. Beirut: The Scientific Institute of Publications. Ebn bitar, A. 1992. The whole of the vocabulary of food and food. Beirut: Scientific Library. Ebn bitar, A. 1989. Interpretation of Diazacurides' book, The achievement of A. Ibn Murad. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,215 PDF Download: 602 |
||