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چالش‌های تولید بذر گرامینه‌های مرتعی جهت احیاء مراتع و دیمزارهای کمبازده ایران | ||
| علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 3، شماره 3، مهر 1395، صفحه 117-132 اصل مقاله (1.33 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| علی اشرف جعفری* | ||
| موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کشور ایران با میانگین بارندگی 252 میلیمتر در سال در زمره مناطق خشک جهان محسوب میشود. کمآبی و خشکی در کنار روند رو به افزایش جمعیت و توسعه فعالیت‌های صنعتی منجر به تشدید تخریب منابع شده است. با توجه به کمبود علوفه در کشور، توسعه سطح زیر کشت گیاهان علوفه‌ای در مراتع و دیمزارهای کمبازده نقش مهمی در تأمین نیاز تغذیه‌ا‌ی دام‌ها دارد. در کشاورزی پایدار، علاوه بر افزایش عملکرد علوفه، تولید بذر گیاهان مرتعی نیز از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است و بهعنوان یکی از اهداف مهم در اصلاح ارقام جدید مورد توجه قرار می‌گیرد. زیرا ارقام علوفه‌ای پرمحصول و خوشخوراک بایستی از پتانسیل بذردهی مطلوبی برخوردار باشند تا بتوان از آنها برای توسعه سطح زیر کشت دیمزارها و احیای مراتع استفاده کرد. متأسفانه در پروژه‌های کشت علوفه در مراتع ایران، بیشتر از بذر توده‌های وحشی با عملکرد بذر پایین (بهدلیل حساسیت به ریزش و.. ) استفاده میشود این بذرها بهطور عمده بهعلت رکود و خواب بذر دارای مشکل جوانهزنی و نایکنواختی در استقرار هستند. در این مقاله با بررسی تحقیقات انجام شده در زمینه تولید بذر و آزمایشهای سازگاری گرامینه‌های مرتعی در ایران، علل عدم مؤفقیت برنامه‌های علوفه‌کاری در مراتع و دیمزارهای کمبازده، مورد بحث قرار گرفته و جهت پایداری عملکرد مراتع راهکارهای اصلاح بذر واریته‌های ترکیبی ارائه شده است. برای حل مشکل جوانهزنی و افزایش بنیه بذر، نیز راهکارهای مناسب فرآوری بذر با استفاده از تکنولوژی‌های جدید از جمله پرایمینگ بذر ارائه شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| استقرار بذر؛ پرایمینگ بذر؛ علوفه؛ مرتع | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,136 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,627 |
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